Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular comorbidities in adults in First Nations communities in northwest Ontario: a retrospective observational study

Kelly, Len; Matsumoto, Cai-Lei; Schreiber, Yoko; Gordon, Janet; Willms, Hannah; Olivier, Christopher; Madden, Sharen; Hopko, Josh; Tobe, Sheldon W.

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20190040

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, high burden of chronic diseases and immunocompromising conditions, along with unfavourable socioeconomic conditions, are important factors predisposing Indigenous people to invasive bacterial disease [ 40 , 72 ]. As Indigenous Canadians have high burden of obesity, diabetes, circulatory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, this suggests that an increased IPD rate in Indigenous adults is due to the increased prevalence of risk factors rather than lack of anti-capsular antibodies [ 73 , 74 ]. Indeed, according to our recent data, among northwestern Ontario adults with IPD, prevalence of immunocompromising conditions was much higher in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous patients (66% vs. 29.5%, p < 0.001) [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults

et al. 2022

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Despite the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for pediatric immunization, North American Indigenous populations continue to experience high burden of pneumococcal infections. Naturally acquired antibodies, which can protect unvaccinated adults against pneumococcal infections, have not previously been studied in Canadian Indigenous people. We analysed concentrations of natural serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies specific to 7 serotype-specific capsular polysaccharides (3, 6B, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F and 23F) in 141 healthy individuals (age between 18 and 80 years), including Indigenous adults living in 2 geographical different areas of Ontario, Canada, and non-Indigenous residing in northwestern Ontario. Regardless of the geographical area, concentrations of IgG specific to serotypes 6B, 9V, and 14, IgM specific to 9V, and all serotype-specific IgA were significantly higher in Indigenous study participants as compared to non-Indigenous. The differences are likely attributed to an increased exposure of Indigenous individuals to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or cross-reactive antigens of other microorganisms or plants present in the environment. Although in non-Indigenous adults concentrations of IgM specific to 9V, 19A, 19F, and 23F significantly decreased with age, this was not observed in Indigenous individuals suggesting that Indigenous people may experience continuous exposure to pneumococci and cross-reactive antigens over the life span. Women had generally higher concentrations of natural IgG and IgM concentrations than men, with more striking differences found in Indigenous adults, potentially associated with larger exposure of women to young children, the major reservoir of pneumococci in communities. Our data suggest that increased rates of pneumococcal infections among Indigenous people are unlikely related to deficiency of naturally acquired antibodies, at least those specific to 7 common serotypes. Determining serological correlates of protection for adults will be essential to identify the groups in need of adult pneumococcal immunizations that may prevent excessive burden of the disease among North American Indigenous people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults

et al. 2022

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“…Further, metabolic syndrome in childhood in an Australian Aboriginal population was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in 19-year-olds, possibly mediated by increased inflammation [56]. Canadian First Nations populations show an increased incidence of obesity [57] and chronic kidney disease and associated cardiovascular comorbidities [58]. The Canadian government has provided a food subsidy to bring perishable fruits and vegetables to remote rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saskatoon Berry Amelanchier alnifolia Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Improves Cardiovascular and Liver Signs of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

et al. 2020

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Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) is a potential functional food containing anthocyanins and flavonols, as well as ellagitannins and phenolic acids. We have determined the potential therapeutic effects of Saskatoon berry in diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nine- to ten-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Two groups were fed on control diets, either corn starch (C) or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) respectively, for 16 weeks. Two further groups were fed on C or H diet for 16 weeks with Saskatoon berry powder added to the diet for the final 8 weeks (CSSK, HSSK). After 16 weeks, H rats showed symptoms of metabolic syndrome, including increased body weight, visceral adiposity, systolic blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis, plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Saskatoon berry intervention normalised body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, decreased systolic blood pressure, improved heart and liver structure and function with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased plasma total cholesterol. Further, Saskatoon berry normalised liver expression of hexokinase 1 and glycogen phosphorylase and increased glucose 6-phosphatase relative to H rats. These results suggest that Saskatoon berry regulates glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis to improve metabolic syndrome.

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“…We identified one study on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Northwestern Ontario among 26 remote First Nations communities. The study identified a 7% prevalence rate of stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease, double the rate of the general Canadian population [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ontario First Nations communities are disproportionally affected by chronic kidney disease, with a prevalence of stage 3-5 disease double that of the general population; however, direct comparisons of clinical characteristics between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients have not been conducted in these studies [19]. Our study objective was to directly compare demographic and clinical characteristics of Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults with ESKD receiving dialysis through the TBRHSC over the past 5 years.…”

Section: Recent Studies Have Found That Adults Living In Northwesternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of End-Stage Kidney Disease in a Cohort of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Adults in Northwestern Ontario, Canada

Domonkos¹

2021

Appl Med Res

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Background: In Canada, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is two-fold higher among Indigenous than non-Indigenous people. Direct comparisons of clinical characteristics between Indigenous and nonIndigenous end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients have not been previously conducted. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults with ESKD receiving dialysis at the primary hospital serving a region with 20% Indigenous population. Methods: During 4 years, 186 adults with ESKD were recruited for a clinical trial to analyze the response to pneumococcal immunization. Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, residency, dialysis characteristics, etiology for chronic kidney disease, comorbidities, history of infections and prior pneumococcal immunization were compared between 91 Indigenous and 94 non-Indigenous individuals.

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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular comorbidities in adults in First Nations communities in northwest Ontario: a retrospective observational study

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults

Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults

Saskatoon Berry Amelanchier alnifolia Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Improves Cardiovascular and Liver Signs of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Characteristics of End-Stage Kidney Disease in a Cohort of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Adults in Northwestern Ontario, Canada

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