Prevalence of ciguatoxins in lionfish (Pterois spp.) from Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, and Saint Barthélmy Islands (Caribbean)

Soliño, Lucía; Widgy, Saha; Pautonnier, Anthony; Turquet, Jean; Loeffler, Christopher R.; Quintana, Harold A. Flores; Diogène, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.05.015

Cited by 33 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Confirmation of Caribbean ciguatoxin‐1 in fish extracts was performed by LC‐MS/MS using an Agilent 1260 LC system coupled to a QTRAP 4000 mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems) as previously described , with minor modifications. Briefly, analytes were separated by gradient elution using a Kinetex C8 column (75 × 2.1 mm; 2.6 μM; Phenomenex) held at 40 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Loeffler

Robertson

Quintana

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ciguatera fish poisoning is a seafood-toxin illness resulting from consumption of fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. Managing ciguatera fish poisoning is complex. It is made easier, however, by local fishers from endemic areas reporting regional predictability for local fish species' ciguatera fish poisoning risk, which the present study then tested. We investigated the prevalence of ciguatoxins in 4 commonly marketed and consumed species (Balistes vetula, Haemulon plumierii, Ocyurus chrysurus, and Epinephelus guttatus) across an oceanic gradient (north, south, east, and west) from the US Virgin Islands. Fish muscle extracts were analyzed for Caribbean ciguatoxins using an in vitro mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cytotoxicity assay and confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fish collected from the north location had 0 fish with detectable ciguatoxins; this site also had the greatest wave energy. Caribbean ciguatoxins in fish ranged from 0.01 to 0.11, 0.004 to 0.10, and 0.005 to 0.18 ng Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 eq/g, from the west, east, and south respectively. Ciguatoxin-like activity was detectable by the N2a assay in 40, 41, 50, and 70% of H. plumierii, O. chrysurus, B. vetula, and E. guttatus, respectively. Of the fish collected, 4% had Caribbean ciguatoxin levels exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration guidance of 0.1 ng Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 eq/g fish. These findings concurred with spatial ciguatera fish poisoning prevalence information provided by local fishers in the US Virgin Islands and demonstrate how partnerships between researchers and fishers can aid the improvement of science-based ciguatera fish poisoning management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;39:1852-1863. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Loeffler

Robertson

Quintana

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In the Caribbean region, ciguatera poisoning has been associated with carnivorous fish species belonging primarily to the families Carangidae, Lutjanidae, Sphyraenidae, Scombridae, and Serranidae [8,9]. Biotoxins, identified as Caribbean-ciguatoxins (C-CTXs) have been chemically characterized from the tissues of carnivorous species, including invertebrate feeders and benthic or pelagic predators [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The two most commonly found C-CTXs include C-CTX1 and its energetically less-favoured epimer C-CTX2 [11,16], being the proportion of C-CTX1 in these carnivores highly variable [13,[17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications

Díaz-Asencio

Clausing

Vandersea

et al. 2019

Toxins

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In Cuba, ciguatera poisoning associated with fish consumption is the most commonly occurring non-bacterial seafood-borne illness. Risk management through fish market regulation has existed in Cuba for decades and consists of bans on selected species above a certain weight; however, the actual occurrence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in seafood has never been verified. From this food safety risk management perspective, a study site locally known to be at risk for ciguatera was selected. Analysis of the epiphytic dinoflagellate community identified the microalga Gambierdiscus. Gambierdiscus species included six of the seven species known to be present in Cuba (G. caribaeus, G. belizeanus, G. carpenteri, G. carolinianus, G. silvae, and F. ruetzleri). CTX-like activity in invertebrates, herbivorous and carnivorous fishes were analyzed with a radioligand receptor-binding assay and, for selected samples, with the N2A cell cytotoxicity assay. CTX activity was found in 80% of the organisms sampled, with toxin values ranging from 2 to 8 ng CTX3C equivalents g −1 tissue. Data analysis further confirmed CTXs trophic magnification. This study constitutes the first finding of CTX-like activity in marine organisms in Cuba and in herbivorous fish in the Caribbean. Elucidating the structure-activity relationship and toxicology of CTX from the Caribbean is needed before conclusions may be drawn about risk exposure in Cuba and the wider Caribbean. Key Contribution:This study constitutes a first investigation of fish contamination with ciguatoxines (CTXs) in Cuba. CTXs were present at all levels of the food web, including in widespread Caribbean herbivores generally considered safe for consumption. We discuss remaining analytical challenges to assess exposure and hence to develop effective management strategies for the associated foodborne disease. Supplementary Materials:The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/722/s1: Figure S1: Toxicity of sampled fish and invertebrate specimens. Horizontal bars represent median RBA analysis among specimens, boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles and whiskers represent min to max specimens RBA values. The horizontal line corresponds to the RBA limit of quantification (LOQ = 1.5 ng CTX3C equiv. g-1). RBA-specimens are not shown. Shaded areas indicate fish species banned by Cuban regulation. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, C.M.A.-H.; Data curation, L.

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“…Sample collections, preparations, extractions, and analyses for CTXs were conducted as previously described, with slight modifications [11]. Frozen, suspected hybrid fish (n = 2) were thawed and skinless boneless muscle tissue (5 g) was extracted as previously described [30,31]. Importantly, these extraction methods remove potential interferences (e.g., nonpolar lipids, proteins, and hydrophilic compounds) and concentrate potential CTXs in a final chloroform extract.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Toxin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a Bond Elut SI cartridge (500 mg/3 mL, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was then performed to clean extracts prior to toxicity assessments. An additional SPE step was also performed prior to LC-MS/MS analysis using an aminopropyl (NH2) cartridge (500 mg/3 mL, Agilent), as previously described [31]. The fish extracts were prepared at a concentration of 50 g wet tissue equivalent (TE)/mL for LC-MS/MS analysis and 5 g TE/mL for N2a analysis.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Toxin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confirmation of C-CTX-1 in the hybrid that tested positive by the N2a assay was performed by LC-MS/MS, using an Agilent 1260 liquid chromatography system coupled to a 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) as previously described [31]. The samples found to be negative by N2a, were also deemed negative by LC-MS/MS.…”

Section: Analysis Of C-ctx-1 By Lc-ms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Hybridization Leads to Uncertainty Regarding Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Risk; Confirmation of Hybridization and Ciguatoxin Accumulation with Implications for Stakeholders

Loeffler

Handy

Quintana

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Globally, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) avoidance efforts rely primarily on local knowledge of the fish being consumed, its collection location, and association with illnesses. In 2016, several fish that appeared to be hybrids between a local commercially prized species, Ocyurus chrysurus, and a regionally prohibited species Lutjanus apodus (due to CFP concerns), were caught nearshore in United States Virgin Islands waters, leading to confusion regarding the safety of consuming the fish. The hybrid status of the fish was verified as O. chrysurus (male) × L. apodus (female) by comparing two sets of gene sequences (mitochondrial CO1 and nuclear S7). Using an in vitro mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) assay, one of the hybrid fish exhibited a composite cytotoxicity of 0.038 ppb Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX-1) equivalents (Eq.); a concentration below the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance level for safety in fish products for CFP (0.1 ppb C-CTX-1 Eq.) but approximately 2× above the maximum described in the commercially prized parent species (0.019 ppb C-CTX-1 Eq./g). C-CTX-1 was confirmed in the hybrid sample by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The second hybrid fish tested negative for CTXs. This research confirms hybridization between two species with contrasting commercial statuses, discusses CTX accumulation implications for hybridization, and provides a methodology for future studies into novel CFP vectors, with the goal of providing critical information for fishermen and consumers regarding CFP risk management.

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Prevalence of ciguatoxins in lionfish (Pterois spp.) from Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, and Saint Barthélmy Islands (Caribbean)

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications

Fish Hybridization Leads to Uncertainty Regarding Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Risk; Confirmation of Hybridization and Ciguatoxin Accumulation with Implications for Stakeholders

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