Prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background Subjects with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to experience psychiatric disorders. The present authors performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, excluding co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, in subjects with intellectual disability. Method The present authors performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability. Results Twenty‐two studies were included. The pooled prevalence of any co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in intellectual disability was 33.6% (95% CI: 25.2%–43.1%) with high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Prevalence was lower in population‐based studies, in studies that used ICD criteria for the psychopathology and in studies with low risk of bias. The prevalence was higher in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability than in profound intellectual disability. Conclusions Psychiatric disorders are common in subjects with intellectual disability, and the present authors found that clinical and methodological moderators affect the pooled prevalence.

Clinical Characteristics and Pharmacological Treatment of Individuals With and Without Intellectual Disability in Pre-trial Assessment—A Population-Based Study

“…In regard to mood disorders, our findings are consistent with previous data showing no difference in the incidence of depression or in the prescription of antidepressants between ID and non-ID groups (32,68). As for previous psychiatric inpatient care, there were no significant differences between ID and non-ID groups.…”

“…In the general population, psychotic disorders are more common among ID than non-ID individuals, and affective disorders are slightly overrepresented (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). However, studies on pharmacological treatment among individuals with ID suggest that prevalence of psychotropic medication, especially antipsychotics, far exceed the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness (37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Identification of a Novel Nonsense Homozygous Mutation of LINS1 Gene in Two Sisters With Moderate Intellectual Disability, Schizophrenia, and Anxiety Disorders and Review of the Literature

“…They did not have behavioral problems that need psychiatric intervention before the onset of their psychiatric conditions. Approximately one-third of the people diagnosed with intellectual disability were reported to have cooccurrence of psychiatric disorders (17,18), with the over-representation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia (18). In the case of LINS1-associated intellectual disability, Najmabadi and colleagues did not report any behavioral phenotypes in their patients (11).…”

Differences in the support needs of children with developmental disabilities among groups of medical and behavioral needs

“…Concerning school, teachers are required to take on the roles of health professionals along with their educational competencies, so they often work outside of their field of expertise (Petitpierre et al, 2007). Addressing extensive support needs is also a challenge for health systems because of the difficulty in identifying needs (Bjorgaas, Hysing & Elgen, 2012;Mazza et al, 2019) and mainly the lack of consistent terminology (Nakken & Vlaskamp, 2007), which hinders the allocation of services, especially in the case of severe disabilities. From a support model, a person will need maximum levels of support given certain medical conditions and challenging behaviors, regardless of the intensity of the support needed in other areas of daily living (Thompson et al, 2002).…”