Prevalence of Color Vision Defects Among High School Students in Damascus, Syria

Abstract

Introduction: A congenital color vision defect results from genetic mutations that affect the expression of normal cone photoreceptors. They are generally categorized by severity (abnormal trichromacy, binocular, and monocular vision) and may be further classified by the type of cones affected. Pathological trichromacy is the mildest form of color vision disorder. This case is divided into red, green, and blue. Pathological dichroic vision This condition is the most severe among color vision disorders. Dichromats have low levels of color vision and only two of the primary colors are seen. Dichroism is divided into red blindness, green blindness, and blue blindness—pathological monochromatic vision. The most severe form of congenital color vision deficiency results in a monochromatic condition, in which there is no color discrimination. Methods: an observational study of the type of cross-sectional study. This study targeted randomly collected persons from high school students in the Syrian Arab Republic. When the sample was randomly selected, about (834) patients were selected who met specific acceptance criteria, while all patients were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria, using an AI online test. Results: 54.8% of the participants were male and 45.2% were female, moreover 57% were 10th grade and 43% were 11th, 33.4% know CDV. Moreover, 2.6% have a family history of CDV. In our study, we found 3.9% Red-green type, 1% were proton and 2.9% were deuton. Conclusion: We found a statistically significant difference between men and women in terms of color blindness, in addition, the kinship between parents plays an important role in the inheritance of color blindness, moreover, the presence of eye diseases increases the risk of color blindness, also having a family history of color blindness increases the risk of color blindness.