Prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adults living in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundCommon mental disorders are highly prevalent in the population, affecting people across all regions of the world. In Ethiopia, mental disorders are the leading non-communicable disorders. World Health Organization (WHO) report shows that 4,480,113 (4.7%) and 3,139,003 (3.3%) people in Ethiopia are estimated to suffer from depression and anxiety, respectively. However, there are only limited studies conducted on common mental disorders in Africa including Ethiopia. Even if there was a previous study conducted among Harari regional state residents 7 years back, nowadays there are many possible factors that could increase the prevalence of common mental disorders in the community like the novel coronavirus pandemic, ethnic war, and current socio-economic crises in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adult residents of Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to March 30, 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 1,192 study participants. Data were collected by interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires. A common mental disorder was assessed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire of 20-Item (SRQ-20) questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.2 and exported to Stata Version 16 for analysis. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 was used to identify factors associated with common mental disorders.ResultFrom a total of 1,192 eligible participants, 1,168 responded to this survey, giving a response rate of 97.98%. The prevalence of common mental disorders among adults in the Harari Region of this study was 21.31% (95% CI, 18.8–23.60). Being female with Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.09–2.09), single (AOR = 2.03, 95%CI, 1.37–3.01), divorced (AOR = 3.06, 95%CI, 1.97–4.76), widowed (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI, 1.23–3.26), unemployed (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI, 1.18–3.31), having family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.17, 95%CI, 1.54–6.96) and age greater or equal to 55 years (AOR = 105, 95%CI, 1.69–3.54) were statistically associated with common mental disorders.ConclusionThe prevalence of common mental disorder in the study area was sharply increased. Being female, single, divorced, widowed, family history of mental illness, being unemployed and age greater or equal to 55 years old were statistically positively associated with common mental disorder. Considering these determinants, screening, early identification, and providing appropriate intervention for common mental disorders in the community should be of great concern.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia

“…Individuals who have a positive family history of depression are more likely to be depressed than those who do not. This finding is supported by a study performed in Ethiopia [ 51 ]. The reason may originate from non-biological or biological perspectives, such as shared familial stressors and environmental factors [ 52 ].…”

Khat chewing predisposed to common mental disorders, while physical activity was protective: a binary logistic regression analysis, Somaliland, 2023

“…The prevalence of CMD among adult residents in our study was 47.5% (95% CI: 42.5-52.5). Our nding was the highest as compared with the WHO estimate for African regions (8%) 41 , Tanzania (3.1%) 9 , Kenya (10.8%) 9 , Eastern Ethiopia (14.9%) 11 , 21.3% 42 , southwest Ethiopia (27.2%) 3 , southeast Ethiopia (35.8%), and southern Ethiopia (39.7%) 43 . The discrepancy might be attributed to the CMD assessment tool and variations in the distribution of the CMD risk factors, like khat use and physical activity.…”

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“…Individuals who have a positive family history of depression are more likely to be depressed than those who do not. This finding is supported by a study performed in Ethiopia [51]. The reason may originate from nonbiological or biological perspectives, such as shared familial stressors and environmental factors [52].…”