Prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adults with Glaucoma attending University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital tertiary eye care and training center, Northwest, Ethiopia 2020

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adults with glaucoma at Gondar university comprehensive specialized hospital tertiary eye care and training center. Glaucoma predisposes patients to common mental problems and leads to wasteful, costly and inefficient use of medical services and complications of the diagnoses. So, determining the level and factors associated with common mental disorders among glaucoma patient would help to improve and integrate comprehensive ophthalmic services which address common mental disorder in a follow-up visit. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 495 glaucoma patients selected by using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and chart review. Self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorders. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Variables with P<0.05 were considered as factors significantly associated with common mental disorders. Result Four hundred sixty-eight patients were included in this study with a response rate of 94.54%. The mean age of the participant was 58 ± 14.11 years. The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be 29.5% (95% CI 25.4–33.3). Female sex (AOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.66–8.62) (p-value = 0.001), average monthly income of less than 1200 birr (AOR = 6.05 95% CI: 2.26–16.22) (p-value = 0.001), poor level of social support (AOR = 17.39 95% CI: 7.79–38.82) (p-value = 0.001), moderate and high risk of alcohol use (AOR = 10.42 95%CI: 2.74–39.54) (p-value = 0.001), presence of chronic medical illness (AOR = 3.85 95% CI: 2.07–7.16) (p-value = 0.001), receiving both drug and surgical treatment (AOR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.30–4.83) (p-value = 0.006) and presence of systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors use (AOR = 3.16, 95%CI: 1.65–6.06) (p-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with increased level of common mental disorders. Conclusion Significant numbers of glaucoma patients have CMD and found significantly associated with socio-economic, ocular and systemic clinical factors. Therefore, the integration of psychosocial care into the current treatment of patients with glaucoma would have a significant advantage to help these patients.

The impact of glaucoma on the mental health of primary open-angle glaucoma patients attending a teaching hospital in South East Nigeria

“…[ 5 ] Findings from various studies have shown that glaucoma is associated with low levels of psychosocial well-being characterized by a diminution in the individual’s perception of self and ability to function in the community and usually manifests as depression and/or anxiety. [ 6 7 8 9 10 ] Depressed people feel sad, empty, hopeless, worthless, and irritable with an aversion to activity. [ 11 12 13 14 ] Although anxiety is distinguished by feelings of precariousness and vulnerability, in severe cases, it comes with repeated apprehension and intense fear, which is incommensurate to the existing situation causing it.…”

Mendelian randomization study shows no causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and glaucoma in European and East Asian populations

“…Besides, gender was found to have a significant effect on the mental health of glaucoma patients. An institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 495 glaucoma patients indicated that the female sex (95% CI: 1.66–8.62) ( p = 0.001) was significantly associated with increased levels of common mental disorders in glaucoma patients ( Tilahun et al, 2021 ). It is in harmony with the study of Lim et al (2016) , reporting higher depression and anxiety in females than in male glaucoma patients.…”

Mental health and social support among glaucoma patients enrolled in the NIH All of Us COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey

“…Social support has been found to be positively correlated with quality of life and glaucoma treatment adherence [42][43][44]. One study found that low social support among glaucoma patients was significantly associated with increased rates of mental health disorders [45], and this in turn can further increase vulnerability to vision loss [29].…”