Prevalence of comorbidities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, overlap syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Abstract

The presence and the association of comorbidities seem to be higher in patients suffering from OSA, OS and OHS. Subjects suffering of OHS present a high prevalence of main diseases despite their younger age compared with others patients with SDB. Sleepiness may have a role, at least in a subset of these patients, into the development of comorbidities.

Increased risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (overlap syndrome)

“…However, in the absence of other CVD risk factors, age‐associated CVD morbidity and mortality could be decreased or even prevented . The fact that OS patients tend to be older than those with OSAS and controls, as in our study, might explain the differences between groups in terms of risk scores …”

“…A recent study, which evaluated 38 OS and 38 OSAS patients matched for sex, age, and BMI, showed that the former had more comorbidities than the latter (11 vs 4, respectively), particularly hypertension (50% vs 42.1%), CVD (44.74% vs 26.31%), diabetes mellitus (28.95% vs 13.16%) and dyslipidaemia (21.05% vs 26.31%). Similarly, in a large retrospective study with 989 adults [(721 with OSAS, 123 with OS and 145 with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)], OS patients had more cardiometabolic comorbidities (≥3) than OSAS patients ( P < .001) …”

“…There is evidence that OS is associated with higher prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, compared with OSAS or COPD alone . A recent study, which evaluated 38 OS and 38 OSAS patients matched for sex, age, and BMI, showed that the former had more comorbidities than the latter (11 vs 4, respectively), particularly hypertension (50% vs 42.1%), CVD (44.74% vs 26.31%), diabetes mellitus (28.95% vs 13.16%) and dyslipidaemia (21.05% vs 26.31%).…”

“…Finally, our study group comprised of patients with OS who were older, smokers, more obese, with lower respiratory function and more severe OSA than the two other groups and therefore, there should be exposed to an increased CV risk. Indeed, this might reflect the fact that OS patients are frequently afflicted by cardiometabolic disease as it was shown in previous studies . However, we employed these two validated and accepted CV risk scores, namely FRS and SCORE, which can be easily applied in the daily clinical assessment of these patients and thus there could be evaluated for this purpose in future studies.…”

“…Conversely, recent data indicate that early diagnosis and proper treatment of OSAS are associated with improved survival in OS . Moreover, patients with OS have a higher prevalence of comorbidities, particularly cardio‐metabolic diseases, notably obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia, than OSAS patients, thereby acquiring a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) …”