Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ccami-Bernal, Fabricio; Soriano-Moreno, David R.; Romero-Robles, Milton A.; Barriga-Chambi, Fernanda; Tuco, Kimberly G.; Castro-Diaz, Sharong D.; Nuñez-Lupaca, Janeth N.; Pacheco-Mendoza, Josmel; Galvez-Olortegui, Tomas; Benites-Zapata, Vicente A.

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2023.100482

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main obstacle to determining the actual prevalence of CVS in a certain population is the absence of a global consensus regarding the ideal CVS questionnaire [ 2 , 9 ] . Certain studies [ 4 - 7 ] used validated and reliable questionnaires, while many others relied on unstructured, non-validated, and unreliable questionnaires, resulting in a wide range of reported prevalences of CVS [ 2 , 9 ] . Recently, studies [ 2 , 10 ] concluded that self-assessment questionnaires might be overestimating the true CVS prevalence and that the use of subjective questionnaires alone might not be ideal for this purpose [ 2 , 9 , 10 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual, ocular surface, and extraocular diagnostic criteria for determining the prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional smart-survey-based study

Iqbal,

Elmassry,

Elgharieb

et al. 2024

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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Background: The American Optometric Association defines computer vision syndrome (CVS), also known as digital eye strain, as “a group of eye- and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use”. We aimed to create a well-structured, valid, and reliable questionnaire to determine the prevalence of CVS, and to analyze the visual, ocular surface, and extraocular sequelae of CVS using a novel and smart self-assessment questionnaire. Methods: This multicenter, observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, survey-based, online study included 6853 complete online responses of medical students from 15 universities. All participants responded to the updated, online, fourth version of the CVS questionnaire (CVS-F4), which has high validity and reliability. CVS was diagnosed according to five basic diagnostic criteria (5DC) derived from the CVS-F4. Respondents who fulfilled the 5DC were considered CVS cases. The 5DC were then converted into a novel five-question self-assessment questionnaire designated as the CVS-Smart. Results: Of 10000 invited medical students, 8006 responded to the CVS-F4 survey (80% response rate), while 6853 of the 8006 respondents provided complete online responses (85.6% completion rate). The overall CVS prevalence was 58.78% (n = 4028) among the study respondents; CVS prevalence was higher among women (65.87%) than among men (48.06%). Within the CVS group, the most common visual, ocular surface, and extraocular complaints were eye strain, dry eye, and neck/shoulder/back pain in 74.50% (n = 3001), 58.27% (n = 2347), and 80.52% (n = 3244) of CVS cases, respectively. Notably, 75.92% (3058/4028) of CVS cases were involved in the Mandated Computer System Use Program. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the two most statistically significant diagnostic criteria of the 5DC were greater than or equal to 2 symptoms/attacks per month over the last 12 months (odds ratio [OR] = 204177.2; P <0.0001) and symptoms/attacks associated with screen use (OR = 16047.34; P <0.0001). The CVS-Smart demonstrated a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.860, Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.805, with perfect content and construct validity. A CVS-Smart score of 7–10 points indicated the presence of CVS. Conclusions: The visual, ocular surface, and extraocular diagnostic criteria for CVS constituted the basic components of CVS-Smart. CVS-Smart is a novel, valid, reliable, subjective instrument for determining CVS diagnosis and prevalence and may provide a tool for rapid periodic assessment and prognostication. Individuals with positive CVS-Smart results should consider modifying their lifestyles and screen styles and seeking the help of ophthalmologists and/or optometrists. Higher institutional authorities should consider revising the Mandated Computer System Use Program to avoid the long-term consequences of CVS among university students. Further research must compare CVS-Smart with other available metrics for CVS, such as the CVS questionnaire, to determine its test-retest reliability and to justify its widespread use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual, ocular surface, and extraocular diagnostic criteria for determining the prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional smart-survey-based study

Iqbal,

Elmassry,

Elgharieb

et al. 2024

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Investigating computer vision syndrome and associated factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study in faculty members

Jalali,

Esmaeili,

Hesam

et al. 2024

WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation

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Background One of the most significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on human societies was the transformation of face-to-face training (F2F) into distance education (DE) processes. Objective This study aimed to investigate computer vision syndrome (CVS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the risk factors that may lead to increased incidence of CVS in university professors due to DE. Methods Using an online questionnaire, occupational and demographic information, hours of computer, laptop, smartphone, and tablet usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected. In the second part, participants were asked to report the frequency of occurrence and severity of 16 CVS symptoms over the past year and the last 7 days. The third section of the questionnaire recorded CVS risk factors such as ergonomic status of workstations, during virtual live training (VLT) and offline content creation during the COVID-19 period. Results The prevalence of CVS was 9.03% before COVID-19 and 34.19% during COVID-19. The cumulative incidence of CVS was 25.48%. The mean ± SD of the CVS final score significantly increased before (6.82 ± 4.29) and during COVID-19 (8.48 ± 7.11) ( p < 0.001). Associated factors with CVS revealed using Univariate analyses (OR >1; 95% CI 0.75–11.27, p < 0.05). Conclusion DE has led to increased prevalence and incidence of CVS in university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It appears that associated factors with CVS such as increased usage time of smartphones can contribute to increase CVS in university professors.

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Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students - Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) Study

Aishwarya Patil,

Niharika Shetty

2024

jemds

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BACKGROUND The use of computers and visual display devices has become an integral part of our lives. As a result, a large number of people around the world are suffering from various ocular symptoms, including dry eyes, ocular strain, eye irritation, and ocular redness. All of these ocular symptoms are commonly called computer vision syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, community knowledge, and pathophysiology of computer vision syndrome, as well as the factors associated with and preventing CVS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 medical students and the data was collected through a structured, web-based, and self-administered questionnaire, which was pre tested and pre-validated. RESULTS In this study, 38.7% had a pre-existing knowledge on CVS. 94.67% of the respondents reported having mild to moderate symptoms of dry eyes. It is found that people use screens mostly for social media and entertainment. Long hours spent on the small screen led to sleep disturbances in about 56% of the students. According to our survey, 54% of the students used spectacles and frequent change of spectacles was present. About 40% of the students used topical eye drops prescribed by ophthalmologist. CONCLUSIONS The increasing use of digital screen and prevalence of computer vision syndrome. When combined with increased screen time, dry eyes and good quality sleep can lead to serious health problems like learning difficulties and operative errors, which may pose a challenge in the modern era. Right education, attitude and practice regarding CVS are required to all the medical students due to their increased dependency on digital devices. Proper practice and preventive measures are necessary for a doctor /surgeon for health benefit of the patients and community.

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Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 92 publications

Visual, ocular surface, and extraocular diagnostic criteria for determining the prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional smart-survey-based study

Visual, ocular surface, and extraocular diagnostic criteria for determining the prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional smart-survey-based study

Investigating computer vision syndrome and associated factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study in faculty members

Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students - Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) Study

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