Prevalence of COPD in Spain: impact of undiagnosed COPD on quality of life and daily life activities

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain and identify the level of undiagnosed disease and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: A population-based sample of 4274 adults aged 40-80 years was surveyed. They were invited to answer a questionnaire and undergo prebrochodilator and postbronchodilator spirometry. COPD was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio of ,0.70. Results: For 3802 participants with good-quality postbronchodilator spirometry, the overall prevalence of COPD was 10.2% (95% CI 9.2% to 11.1%) and was higher in men (15.1%) than in women (5.6%). The prevalence of COPD stage II or higher was 4.4% (95%CI; 3.8%-5.1%). The prevalence of COPD increased with age and with cigarette smoking and was higher in those with a low educational level. A previous diagnosis of COPD was reported by only 27% of those with COPD. Diagnosed patients had more severe disease, higher cumulative tobacco consumption and more severely impaired HRQL compared with undiagnosed subjects. However, even patients with undiagnosed COPD stage I+ already showed impairment in HRQL and in some aspects of ADL compared with participants without COPD. Conclusions: The prevalence of COPD in individuals between 40 and 80 years of age in Spain is 10.2% and increases with age, tobacco consumption and lower educational levels. The rate of diagnosised COPD is very high and undiagnosed individuals with COPD already have a significant impairment in HRQL and ADL.

Development and application of an economic model (EQUIPTMOD) to assess the impact of smoking cessation

“…To estimate the number of cases each year of these diseases with and without smoking cessation during the first cycle, the following data were required: the prevalence of smoking‐related diseases, the prevalence of smoking status (current, former or never smokers) and the relative effect of smoking on the prevalence of each disease. Each partner country provided age–sex‐specific estimates of the first two parameters, while the same data are employed relating to relative effects 19, 23, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44.…”

Evaluation of clinical variables according to follow-up times in COPD: results from ON-SINT cohort

“…Sample size was calculated according to the prevalence and the degree of under-diagnosis of COPD in Spain. [13] A total of 1440 patients with COPD was calculated to constitute a 0.1% sample of the study population, assuming a 10% loss of patients with no valid information. Although uniform distribution within the country was planned, including all regions, the selection of participant investigators was voluntary, with no intention to achieve representative sampling.…”

Fatores associados à Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica em idosos

“…As a result, this reduction in capacity to exercise may be a causal and aggravating factor of the comorbidities in COPD such as skeletal muscular dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome 28,29 . The association of self-diagnosed asthma in the group with COPD permits a discussion focused on the current literature.…”