Prevalence of Corneal Astigmatism in Tohono O'odham Native American Children 6 Months to 8 Years of Age

Abstract

The prevalence and mean amount of corneal astigmatism were higher than reported in non-Native American populations. Mean astigmatism increased from 1.43 D in 1-year-olds to nearly 2.00 D by school age.

Developmental Changes in Anterior Corneal Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Native American Infants and Children

“…[9][10][11][12] Recent reports of data from Tohono O'odham infants show a high prevalence of astigmatism, which decreases in the second year of life. 12,13 This pattern is similar to that seen in Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic infants: astigmatism is prevalent in infancy, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] but longitudinal studies indicate that the amount of astigmatism decreases significantly after the first year of life. 17,18,21,23,[28][29][30][31] However, cross-sectional data has shown that the initial decrease in prevalence of astigmatism after infancy in Tohono O'odham children is followed by an increase in prevalence by age 2 years to the level we see in Tohono O'odham preschool and school-age children.…”

“…17,18,21,23,[28][29][30][31] However, cross-sectional data has shown that the initial decrease in prevalence of astigmatism after infancy in Tohono O'odham children is followed by an increase in prevalence by age 2 years to the level we see in Tohono O'odham preschool and school-age children. 12,13 The purpose of the present study was to longitudinally examine change in corneal astigmatism in infants and young Tohono O'odham children.…”

“…9,13,32 Longitudinal data will allow us to describe change in astigmatism over the course of early development and determine the extent to which these changes can be predicted in individual children.…”

Astigmatism Prevalence and Biometric Analysis in Normal Population

“…The rate of childhood astigmatism decreases with age (1,2,15,18,19); according to a longitudinal study, the most outstanding changes in the rate of astigmatism occur between the first and the second year of life, 1 and further decrease can be detected up to 6 years (1) and after (2,3). Other studies do not confirm such age-adjusted changes in children in various populations (13).…”

Prevalence of Astigmatism in 4- to 6-Year-Old Population of Mashhad, Iran

“…The second most prevalent type was ATR in some studies (the present study and the study by Xiao et al (22)), and oblique in some other studies (10,21,23). Age-related astigmatism axis change has been reported in various populations; this has been attributed to decreased lid tension, corneal flattening and rotation of the horizontal axis to the vertical orientation (6,(28)(29)(30).…”