Prevalence of COVID-19-associated symptoms during acute infection in relation to SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral and cellular immune responses in a mild-diseased convalescent cohort

Tegeler, Christian M.; Bilich, Tatjana; Maringer, Yacine; Salih, Helmut R.; Walz, Juliane S.; Nelde, Annika

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.019

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, stratification according to symptomatological priority was not significant, refuting both the hypothesis of predictive diagnostic patterns and the recognition of a primary symptomatology ( 67 , 68 ). Although initially supported by the scientific literature, these hypotheses have now been disproved ( 59 – 62 ). Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms caused by COVID-19 and the emergence of variants constantly changing its characteristics, it was impossible to create a standardized symptom pattern ( 60 – 62 , 69 , 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study explored the correlation between IgG positivity and the number of symptoms exhibited by the subjects, revealing a statistically significant association. Fever, a common symptom, was often linked to secondary symptoms, such as headache and/or loss of taste or smell ( 51 , 59 , 60 ). These features were specific to the time under investigation, predating the emergence of less symptomatic viral variants and the development of vaccines that have mitigated symptomatology ( 60 – 62 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios

Bassanello,

Geppini,

Bonsembiante

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDuring the first pandemic phase of COVID-19, an epidemiological study, named First survey, was conducted on the population of a small rural area in northern Italy. In spring 2020, the results showed how a prolonged lockdown slowed down the spread of the virus.MethodsAfter contacting positive First Survey subjects and their families, those who decided to join voluntarily underwent a blood test to assess the presence of qualitative lgG about 2 months after the previous one. This was to determine if IgG persisted in individuals who tested positive in the First Survey as well as to assess the antibody status of their close family members, to determine if they were unintentionally infected.ResultsBased on serological analysis, 35.1% of the samples contained blood IgG. In subjects who tested positive during the First Survey, 62.5% remained IgG positive more than 2 months later. Among family members who were exposed to a positive relative, 23.7% were infected. Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of an infected person within a household resulted in the infection spreading to the others, but not excessively. Induced isolation extinguished the infection regardless of the extent of the contagion (intra-family or extra-family). Micro-outbreaks of SARS-Cov-2 infection which arose in the same household from extra-familial infections played a decisive role on the statistical significance of IgG-positive subjects (p < 0.001).DiscussionThe study reveal 52.6% of the IgG-positive subjects in the Second Survey came from the First Survey and 47.4% were family members previously in contact with positive subjects. Data suggest that there have been undiagnosed patients feeding the spread of the virus since the beginning of the pandemic. In conclusion, for future pandemics, it will be necessary: i) to ensure the rapid isolation of symptomatic patients and the early identification of their close contacts, ii) to carry out the maximum number of tests in the shortest possible time, both on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, and iii) to implement information campaigns to make people aware of their risks, and implement clear, non-conflicting communication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios

Bassanello,

Geppini,

Bonsembiante

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…As was recently shown, increased SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were also observed in individuals with post-COVID syndrome in comparison to both asymptomatic and mildly affected convalescents [15]. In acute COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2-directed T-cell responses were-in contrast to antibody responses-not elevated in severe COVID-19 cases, but equally strong for different disease severities, highlighting the strength of the T-cell-based immunity for viral clearance [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Detailed donor characteristics and the distribution of symptoms, respectively, as well as their severity, are provided in Table 1 and Table S1. Data on antibody levels, T-cell responses, and post-infectious symptoms were retrieved from previous publications [15][16][17]19].…”

Section: Convalescents and Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Convalescents—Immune Response Associated with Reinfection Rate and Symptoms

Seller,

Hackenbruch,

Walz

et al. 2023

Viruses

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SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide, causing millions of deaths and leaving a significant proportion of people with long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (“post-COVID syndrome”). Whereas the precise mechanism of post-COVID syndrome is still unknown, the immune response after the first infection may play a role. Here, we performed a long-term follow-up analysis of 110 COVID-19 convalescents, analyzing the first SARS-CoV-2-directed immune response, vaccination status, long-term symptoms (approximately 2.5 years after first infection), and reinfections. A total of 96% of convalescents were vaccinated at least once against SARS-CoV-2 after their first infection. A reinfection rate of 47% was observed, and lower levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies after the first infection were shown to associate with reinfection. While T-cell responses could not be clearly associated with persistent postinfectious symptoms, convalescents with long-term symptoms showed elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels at the first infection. Evaluating the immune response after the first infection might be a useful tool for identifying individuals with increased risk for re-infections and long-term symptoms.

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T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host–Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects

Macchia,

La Sorsa,

Ciervo

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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COVID-19 remains a significant threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. The emergence of new variants necessitates the development of treatments and vaccines that induce both humoral and cellular immunity. This study aimed to identify potentially immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 peptides and to explore the intricate host–pathogen interactions involving peripheral immune responses, memory profiles, and various demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Using in silico and experimental methods, we identified several CD8-restricted SARS-CoV-2 peptides that are either poorly studied or have previously unreported immunogenicity: fifteen from the Spike and three each from non-structural proteins Nsp1-2-3-16. A Spike peptide, LA-9, demonstrated a 57% response rate in ELISpot assays using PBMCs from 14 HLA-A*02:01 positive, vaccinated, and mild-COVID-19 recovered subjects, indicating its potential for diagnostics, research, and multi-epitope vaccine platforms. We also found that younger individuals, with fewer vaccine doses and longer intervals since infection, showed lower anti-Spike (ELISA) and anti-Wuhan neutralizing antibodies (pseudovirus assay), higher naïve T cells, and lower central memory, effector memory, and CD4hiCD8low T cells (flow cytometry) compared to older subjects. In our cohort, a higher prevalence of Vδ2-γδ and DN T cells, and fewer naïve CD8 T cells, seemed to correlate with strong cellular and lower anti-NP antibody responses and to associate with Omicron infection, absence of confusional state, and habitual sporting activity.

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Prevalence of COVID-19-associated symptoms during acute infection in relation to SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral and cellular immune responses in a mild-diseased convalescent cohort

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios

Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Convalescents—Immune Response Associated with Reinfection Rate and Symptoms

T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host–Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects

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