Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis among  Children with Diarrhoea Under Five years Admitted to Kosti Teaching Hospital, Kosti City, Sudan.

Tamomh, Abdelhakam G.; Agena, AbdElhadi M.; Elamin, Elham; Suliman, Mohammed A; Elmadani, Mohammed; Omara, Asmaa; Musa, S

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-138494/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…While a direct translation of these results to other cultures and societies may be difficult, this points toward the possibility of social obligations playing a role in Cryptosporidium infection. However, some literature solely evaluating patients in a clinical setting often does not find a relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and sex [24]. Studies with larger sample sizes that explicitly consider these social factors are needed to elucidate the possible sex-or gender-related relationships in these infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Coccidian Infections in Cancer Patients: A Case Series

Einhorn¹,

Lamphier²,

Klinkova³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction Coccidian protozoa and microsporidian fungi are opportunistic pathogens increasingly implicated in infections in immunosuppressed individuals. These parasites typically infect the intestinal epithelium, resulting in secretory diarrhea and malabsorption. The disease burden and timeline are both greater and longer among immunosuppressed patients. Therapeutic options for immunocompromised individuals are limited. As a result, we wanted to better characterize the disease course and treatment efficacy of these parasitic gastrointestinal infections. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective MedMined (BD Healthsight Analytics, Birmingham, AL, USA) chart review of patients between January 2012 and June 2022 diagnosed with coccidian or microsporidian infections. Relevant data were collected from Cerner’s PowerChart (Oracle Cerner, Austin, TX, USA). Descriptive analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to generate graphs and tables. Results In these 10 years, there were 17 patients with Cryptosporidium infections, four with Cyclospora infections, and no positive cultures for Cystoisospora belli or microsporidian infections. In both infections, the majority of patients experienced diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea, with vomiting, abdominal pain, appetite loss, weight loss, and fever occurring to a lesser degree. Nitazoxanide was the most common treatment for Cryptosporidium , while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ciprofloxacin were the treatments of choice for Cyclospora . Of the Cryptosporidium infections, three received combination therapy with azithromycin, immunoreconstitution, or IV immunoglobulins. Among the four Cyclospora -infected patients, one received combination therapy of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Treatment lasted around two weeks, and 88% of Cryptosporidium patients and 75% of Cyclospora patients had a resolution of symptoms. Conclusion The most detected coccidian infection was Cryptosporidium, followed by Cyclospora , with the lack of Cystoisospora or microsporidian infections likely due to diagnostic limitations and prevalence. Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora likely caused their associated symptoms in most cases, with other possible etiologies, including graft-versus-host disease, medications, and feeding tubes. The small number of patients receiving combination therapy prohibited a comparison with monotherapy. In our patient population, though, there was a clinical response to treatment despite immunosuppression. While promising, additional randomized control experiments are ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Coccidian Infections in Cancer Patients: A Case Series

Einhorn¹,

Lamphier²,

Klinkova³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study aims to investigate the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine among the healthcare workers in Kosti teaching hospital, White Nile state, Sudan from October 2021 to June 2022. Study area: The study was carried out in Kosti teaching hospital which contains departments of internal surgery, obstetrics, gynaecology, paediatrics, emergency, pharmacy, laboratories, and blood bank, as well as immunization and nutrition [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical side effects of covid-19 vaccines reported among healthcare workers in Sudan: A cross-sectional study

Elmadani

Altijani

Tamomh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 is quickly becoming a global health issue. For the first time in the history of extremely contagious illnesses, a vaccine has been created in one year. Vaccination is having a beneficial impact across the globe. Elimination of this sickness is still far from the reality due to virus mutations. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Kosti Teaching Hospital, Sudan (October 2021- June 2022). Google forms were used to collect data. Samples were taken using total coverage. The data were analyzed using SPSS v28 and the association between variables was checked using the Q-square and Fisher's Exact Test. Result: This study includes (133) participants, the majority are female (77.4%) and the rest were male (22.6%) and the main age group is (37.98 ± 9.5 SD) years. About three-quarters of the study population )76.7%) showed side effects after getting a vaccine. The following adverse effects were experienced by study participants: mild pain at the injection site (77.5%), fever (65%), headache (50%) and fatigue (43%). About 7% were unable to work the next day owing to side effects. Significant differences were observed between the side effects and marital status; p-value = (.005), type of vaccine p-value = (.042) and age p-value = (.021). No significant differences between vaccine side effects and age, previous infection with COVID-19, gender, occupation, number of hours spent at work and infection with other chronic illnesses (p-value< 0.05). Conclusion: Based on current research, pain at the injection site is the most frequent adverse reaction, demonstrating the vaccine's safety and the absence of any problems or lethal effects. Additionally, these side effects don't significantly affect daily activities.

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“…In the other hand (24) in Sudan, where recorded a 27.1% infection percentage of cryptosporidium parvum infection after he collected 250 stool samples from outpatients of Kosti Hospital and used Zhel-Nielsen staining method in the parasitic diagnosis and confirmed a high prevalence among children who use water sources with pipes for drinking. ( 25) recorded a 29.6% infection rate in Peru, and the incidence rate in people with HIV was 11.5% in Isfahan35.9% in Mashhad (26) Since 2000, laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported with annual infection percentage of cryptosporidium parvum infection in Canada estimated at 35,092 (27 ) The highest incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in Canada's Arctic (28) (29) showed through studies and research on parasites to study epidemiology around the world that the prevalence of parasites varies from country to region according to the geographical difference of those countries where the spread of the parasite was 1-4% in Europe and North America while 3-30% on the continents of Africa, Asia, Australia and South and Central America (30).…”

Section: Histological Tissue Examinationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiological study of Cryptosporedium parvum parasite in some districts of Nineveh province, with referring to histopathological effects in lab mice.

Younis,

Alkhasha

2021

CBERJ

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the present work was aimed to investigate the endemicity of Cryptosporidium parvum (The coccidian intestinal protozoan of man and other grazing animals)in some districts of Nineveh province, then evaluating the histopathological effects of the isolated parasite in inoculated mice. A total of 200 child those attended healthcare centers and diagnosed clinically to have persistent and chronic diarrhea were chose for the study. There ages were ranged from ≤1 to ≥5 years old. Their families were practicing livestock grazing. The study were performed between October 2020 and March 2021, in 5 districts : Al-Hamdania, Bartelah, Basheqah, Fadhliah and Kokgali; respectively. Blood and stool sample were taken from each patient. Depending on direct and immunodiagnostic methods, the highest infection percentage was recorded in Kokgali district (48.1%), and the lowest was recorded in Bartelah district (27.2%). The percentage of positive cases were varied according to the performed diagnostic method: ELISA technique for stool samples (40%), ELISA technique for blood samples (36%), Zeil Neelsen stain (35% ) and flotation method (30%). Infection percentage in males (44.7%)was higher than females (35.7%). Considering age groups, 3-5 years group was more likely to get cryptosporediasis infection(56% of the positive cases). Inoculation of the parasite in lab mice showed obvious histopathological changes, especially in the epithelial brush bordered cells of intestine.

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis among Children with Diarrhoea Under Five years Admitted to Kosti Teaching Hospital, Kosti City, Sudan.

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Intestinal Coccidian Infections in Cancer Patients: A Case Series

Intestinal Coccidian Infections in Cancer Patients: A Case Series

Physical side effects of covid-19 vaccines reported among healthcare workers in Sudan: A cross-sectional study

Epidemiological study of Cryptosporedium parvum parasite in some districts of Nineveh province, with referring to histopathological effects in lab mice.

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