Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Children with Diarrhea in North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Tahira, Farhat

doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000136

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Our study showed that on performing the ICT rapid test and ELISA technique to detect Cryptosporidium copro-antigen, 17 (6.3%) and 18 (6.7%) were positive, respectively. These results were consistent with El-Shazly et al [23] and Tahira et al [42] who reported the rate of cryptosporidiosis in stool samples using ELISA as 8.3% and 11.6%, respectively. Moreover, El-Helalya et al [43] and Helmy et al [44] recorded 13.6% and 15.3% respective positivity of samples by ICT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection rate and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and its relation to copro TNF-α in elderly Egyptians attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University Hospitals

Amin

Raafat

Morsy

2021

Parasitologists United Journal

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INTRODUCTIONCryptosporidium spp. are apicomplexan protozoa causing intestinal disorders including diarrhea in humans worldwide [1] . Infection can be transmitted mainly by the consumption of contaminated food and water containing the infective oocysts [2] . The symptoms of acute infection with cryptosporidiosis involve severe watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, low-grade fever, malabsorption, malnutrition; leading to dehydration [3][4][5] . The disease is usually self-limited in immunocompetent individuals and proceeds to chronic and life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised patients [6] . The elderly population may be particularly sensitive to cryptosporidiosis and this may be attributed to changes in the immune system and gastrointestinal functions that occur with aging, leading to increased susceptibility to enteric infections [7,8] . Since 1998, the recorded annual rate of cryptosporidiosis in the United States among persons aged ≥65 years varied between 0.29 and 0.70 cases per 100,000 populations. This minimal number of cases is attributed to the non-obligatory reporting to the CDC [9] . Moreover, Cryptosporidium spp. are considered to be a main cause of waterborne outbreaks worldwide, and there are 239 waterborne outbreaks reported between 2011 and 2016 [10] . Thus, in 2004, the WHO listed it among the globally "neglected diseases", linked with poverty in most developing countries [11] .Cryptosporidiosis is mainly diagnosed by microscopic detection of oocysts in stained stool smears [3] . To facilitate and improve testing, coproantigen commercial tests, such as ICT, and ELISA were used, because they are rapid, simple, cost-effective and don't depend on microscopy skills [12,13] . Later, molecular techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays have become reference methods that offer sensitive and specific diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. [14] , in addition to identification of infecting species [6] . Concerning this issue, several molecular studies have revealed that different species of Cryptosporidium may infect man. Currently, more than 26 species and nearly 50 genotypes have been documented in humans and animals [15] . The human

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection rate and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and its relation to copro TNF-α in elderly Egyptians attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University Hospitals

Amin

Raafat

Morsy

2021

Parasitologists United Journal

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“…Cryptosporidium has no standard diagnostic method [21] . Because of its higher sensitivity and specificity than the acid fast stain coproscopy, the nPCR assay was chosen as the reference standard method in this study [16,19] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of intestinal parasites in a cohort of diarrheic Egyptian children: Predominance of Cryptosporidium using nested PCR assay

Abdel-Maogod

Bayoumy

Hassan

et al. 2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Diarrheic children are more vulnerable to a variety of pathogens including gastrointestinal parasites. Cryptosporidiosis is a major etiology of chronic diarrhea in Egyptian children; it has both shortand long-term consequences for their growth and development.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine in a cohort of children with diarrhea the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., molecularly; and other intestinal parasites, coproscopically, and to assess the association between Cryptosporidium and patient characteristics. As well as to evaluate the usefulness of molecular assay in detection of cryptosporidiosis in diarrheic children. Subjects and Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from 102 diarrheic Egyptian children, aged 12 years and under. All fecal specimens were examined coproscopically by wet mount prior to and after concentration, as well as permanent staining with modified acid-fast (MAF) for detection of intestinal parasites. Molecular assay using nested PCR (nPCR) was performed for detection of Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene. The association of patient demographics and clinical data with detection of Cryptosporidium spp. was determined. Results: Cryptosporidium copro-DNA was detected in 12 (11.8%) cases, for 5 (4.9%) of which oocysts were detected by MAF coproscopy; 9 cases of E. histolytica complex and 7 cases of G. intestinalis were detected by coproscopy. Other than the measure of head circumference, none of the patient characteristics had a significant association (P=0.027) with the detection of Cryptosporidium. Conclusion: There is a clear predominance of intestinal protozoa in diarrheic children, and Cryptosporidium spp. was the major enteric pathogen. Molecular assay should be included for the routine laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Parvum among Children in Iraq

Rahi¹,

Ali²,

Al-Charrakh³

2013

AJLS

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Abstract:Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by an apicomplexan protozoa of. Cryptosporidium parvum is the specific infective agent in human . The present study aimed to search for the presence of C. parvumand to determine the prevalence of this parasite among children in Kut city, Iraq. Six hundred stool samples were collected from children less than twelve years old from October 2011 to May 2012. Stool samples were inspected by modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain and ELISA. Results indicated that 203 cases gave positive results (33.83 %) and 397 cases gave negative results (66.17%) with Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain . The higher infection, 115 (19.17%) appeared in age (<1) year while the lower infection 37 (6.17%) appeared in age (1-6) years. There was association between anemia 66.01% (134/203), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) 66.01% (134/203), White Blood Cells Count (WBC's) 66.01% (134/203) that showed increase in number, and infection with cryptosporidiosis, respectively. The high percentage of positive cases (100%) was recorded in microscopic examination compared to 72.5% (129/178) of positive cases detected by ELISA assay. The present study is the first record of cryptosporidiosis among children in Wasit Province, Iraq. It demonstrated clearly a high prevalence rate of C. parvum among children of less than 12 years old in Iraq. ELISA technique will be of great value in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of C. parvum in human fecal materials.

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Children with Diarrhea in North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Detection rate and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and its relation to copro TNF-α in elderly Egyptians attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University Hospitals

Detection rate and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and its relation to copro TNF-α in elderly Egyptians attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University Hospitals

Burden of intestinal parasites in a cohort of diarrheic Egyptian children: Predominance of Cryptosporidium using nested PCR assay

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Parvum among Children in Iraq

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