Prevalence of de-O-acetylated serogroup C meningococci before the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines in the United Kingdom

Borrow, R

doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(00)00153-x

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Serogroup C isolates that were de-O-acetylated were phenotypically diverse [6] but the phenotypic similarity of O-acetylated W135 isolates suggests that these may be clonally related and capsular O-acetylation status may be stable within clones. Further work to genetically characterise these isolates is required [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide capsule is a homopolymer of K-2C9-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid with acetyloxy groups exclusively bound to C7 and C8 of its sialic acid residues [4]. A small study in the USA found 15% of serogroup C isolates to be de-O-acetylated [5] while a larger UK study found the proportion to be 12% [6]. Studies utilising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) indicate that serogroup C polysaccharide appears to express at least three di¡erent epitopes with di¡erent functional activities [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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O-Acetylation status of the capsular polysaccharides of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci isolated in the UK

Longworth

2002

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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At a time when tetravalent conjugate vaccines for meningococcal serogroups A/C/Y/W135 are being formulated the O-acetylation status of their respective capsular polysaccharides has not previously been studied in the UK for all components. Although this has been elucidated for serogroup C, little is known about the O-acetylation status of serogroups W135 and Y. Meningococcal serogroup W135 (n=181) and Y (n=90) isolates submitted to the PHLS Meningococcal Reference Unit in 1996, 2000 and 2001 were investigated for O-acetylation capsular status by dot blot assay. Eight per cent of W135 and 79% of Y isolates respectively were found to be O-acetylated with a similar distribution found in both carrier and case isolates. An increase in O-acetylated W135 isolates was noted between 2000 (0%) and 2001 (21%) which was not due to the introduction of the Hajj associated W135 (ET 37 complex; serosubtype P1.5,2) isolates, all of which were de-O-acetylated. Although the biological relevance of O-acetylation status is unknown for these serogroups, an understanding of O-acetylation status of the respective polysaccharides may provide useful insights into the optimal vaccine formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O-Acetylation status of the capsular polysaccharides of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci isolated in the UK

Longworth

2002

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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“…The vaccines against N. meningitidis were based on capsular polysaccharides (for serogroups A and C), which raise short-term T-independent protection and are ine¡ective in children less than 4 years old. A polysaccharide^protein-conjugated vaccine for serogroup C is in its ¢nal evaluation phase [1]. For serogroup B, the polysaccharide is not usable because of its very poor immunogenicity [2] and its antigenic cross-reactivity with human embryonic brain tissue [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Neisseria lactamica antigens putatively implicated in acquisition of natural immunity to Neisseria meningitidis

Troncoso

2002

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Sera from healthy human volunteers, patients convalescent from meningococcal meningitis, and mice immunized with outer membrane proteins from Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica strains were used to analyze and identify antigens cross-reactive to both neisserial species. All classes of meningococcal proteins except class 1 (PorA) and class 5 cross-reacted with N. lactamica proteins and two other proteins of 65 and 55 kDa (an iron-regulated protein). Results obtained with the mouse sera demonstrate that cross-reactive antibodies can be elicited by either N. meningitidis or N. lactamica. These results support the suggestion that N. lactamica contributes to the development of natural immunity against N. meningitidis during the first years of life. The use of vaccines containing proteins other than PorA could interfere in colonization of mucosal surfaces by N. lactamica, hampering the natural mechanisms of immunity acquisition in humans. Only convalescent sera reacted with the 55 and 65 kDa proteins, which suggests that they might be relevant for pathogenicity.

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“…Their licensure and distribution in October 1999 and March 2000, respectively, was followed by licensure in July 2000 of the Baxter vaccine (NeisVac-C ® ), which is a tetanus toxoid conjugate. The Baxter vaccine also differs in its polysaccharide component, which is made up of the de-O-acetylated polysaccharide expressed by some 12% of meningococcal C strains in the UK [34]. All three vaccines contain the same dose of polysaccharide antigen, 10 µg, and are considered interchangeable ( Table 1).…”

Section: Overview Of Meningococcal Group C Conjugate Vaccine Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of meningococcal group C conjugate vaccines

Rüggeberg

Heath

2003

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

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The UK was the first country to implement a universal vaccination programme with conjugate polysaccharide vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis group C. This article reviews the pre- and postlicensure data on their efficacy and safety 3 years after the introduction of the programme. Local reactogenicity data compare favourably with other routine vaccinations and no specific increase in adverse reactions has been associated with their use in infant vaccination programmes. Self-limiting systemic reactions such as fever, myalgia, headaches and irritability have commonly been observed in prelicensure studies. Passive postlicensure safety monitoring of suspected adverse reactions has identified a large number of reports, generally of reactions deemed non-serious and reversible. An Expert Working Group has concluded the balance of benefits and risks to be overwhelmingly favourable. Further safety data are expected from large data-linkage studies. Present efficacy estimates, based on active surveillance of case numbers, vaccine failures and coverage rates, are approximately 90% for all age groups. A significant fall in the number of cases attributable to meningococcal group C infection has been observed in the age group of < 20 years. The annual number of fatalities from confirmed meningococcal C disease in the same population has fallen from 67 to 5 cases within a 2-year period.

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Prevalence of de-O-acetylated serogroup C meningococci before the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines in the United Kingdom

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

O-Acetylation status of the capsular polysaccharides of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci isolated in the UK

O-Acetylation status of the capsular polysaccharides of serogroup Y and W135 meningococci isolated in the UK

Analysis of Neisseria lactamica antigens putatively implicated in acquisition of natural immunity to Neisseria meningitidis

Safety and efficacy of meningococcal group C conjugate vaccines

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