Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham Study

Bachman, David; Wolf, Philip A.; Linn, Richard T.; Knoefel, Janice E.; Cobb, Janet L.; Belanger, Albert J.; D’Agostino, Ralph B.; White, Lon R.

doi:10.1212/wnl.42.1.115

Cited by 476 publications

(290 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of AD found in our casuistry differs from the ones found in other hospital series from our region; it is lower than the ones found by Godoy et al (1998) and by Nitrini (1993), which are similar to numbers found in population studies 11,22 and is higher than the one found by Silva (2001). Concerning vascular dementia, the prevalence found in our study is close to the one found by Silva (2001), being higher than Nitrini's (1993) and lower than Godoy et al (1998).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Male sex was predominant as observed in Silva's study (2001), but not in Godoy et al ' (1998). Population studies usually point out higher prevalence of female sex for dementias in general and for Alzheimer's disease 11,22,23 , even though some of them do not demonstrate such difference 24,25 . Concerning the vascular dementia, some studies have shown a higher prevalence of the male sex 26 and others have shown no difference 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia attended in a tertiary outpatient clinic

Vale

Miranda

2002

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-We describe clinical and socio-demographic features of patients with dementia attended in a tertiary outpatient clinic during a three years period (56.9% of the total attendance). Most of them were men, white, from the local community, urban district. Nobody had a job at the moment, two thirds of them got social welfare benefit. They lived with their family, the caregiver being the spouse or a daughter. The education level was very low, a quarter of them being illiterate. They were referred mostly from the public health care service, by neurologists or psychiatrists due to cognitive disorders. Family history as well as individual history of previous neurological/psychiatric disorders were frequent, especially alcoholism, stroke, head trauma and dementia. The neurological exam showed abnormalities in two thirds of cases, chiefly extra-pyramidal and pyramidal signs. Alzheimer's disease was the most frequent cause, followed by cerebrovascular disorder; alcoholism and normal pressure hydrocephalus were also frequent causes. Most patients presented concomitant non-etiological neurological/psychiatric disorders, mainly alcoholism and depression, and non-neurological/ psychiatric diseases, predominantly hypertension, cardiopathy and diabetes. Most patients had been referred under medication, frequently politherapy, including psychotropics.KEY WORDS: dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, epidemiology, tertiary outpatient clinic.Características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório terciário Características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório terciário Características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório terciário Características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório terciário Características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório terciário RESUMO -São descritas características clínicas e sociodemográficas dos pacientes com demência de um ambulatório terciário, atendidos em período de três anos (56,9% de todos os atendimentos). Eram predominantemente do sexo masculino, cor branca, de procedência local, zona urbana. Nenhum permanecia trabalhando, dois terços recebiam benefício previdenciário. Residiam com familiares, o cuidador sendo cônjuge ou filha. Tinham escolaridade baixa, um quarto sendo analfabetos. Na maioria, eram provenientes da rede pública e referenciados por neurologistas ou psiquiatras, por distúrbios cognitivos. Antecedentes individuais ou familiares de transtornos neurológicos/psiquiátricos eram frequentes, destacando-se alcoolismo, doenças cerebrovascular, trauna crânio-encefalico e demência. Exame neurológico demonstrou anormalidades em dois terços, destacando-se sinais extra-piramidais e piramidais. Doença de Alzheimer era a etiologia mais frequente, seguida de doença cerebrovascular; alcoolismo e hidrocefalo de presão normal também eram frequentes. A maioria apresentava concomitantemente transtorn...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia attended in a tertiary outpatient clinic

Vale

Miranda

2002

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Given that as many as 30-50% of women over the age of 85 have a dementia or AD (Bachman et al 1992) and 30-40% of people with AD have depressive and/or psychotic symptoms (Wragg and Jeste 1989), investigating the role of progestogens in the related symptomology of these conditions is of interest. An approach taken to investigate the role of P 4 and its metabolites was a double transgenic mouse model of familial AD that express a human presenilin 1 Δ exon 9 deletion mutation, which corresponds to a form of early-onset AD, and overexpression of a chimeric mouse/human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe; Borchelt et al 1996aBorchelt et al , 1996bBorchelt et al , 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone reduces depression-like behavior in a murine model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Frye

Walf

2009

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Although anxiety and depression are not the core symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), there are changes observed in mood in those with AD, as well as in the aging population. Anxiety and depression may be influenced by progesterone P 4 and/or its neuroactive metabolites, dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP). To begin to investigate progestogens' role in AD, a double transgenic mouse model of early-onset familial AD that cooverexpresses mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) and presenilin 1 Δ exon 9 mutation was utilized. As such, the effects of long-term (from 6 to 12 months of age) administration of P 4 to ovariectomized (ovx) wildtype and APPswe+PSEN1Δe9 mice for changes in affective behavior was investigated. APPswe+PSEN1Δ9 mutant mice had increased anxiety-like (i.e., increased emergence latencies, decreased time spent on the open quadrants of the elevated zero maze) and increased depressive-like behavior (i.e., increased time spent immobile) than did wildtype mice. Compared to vehicle-administration, P 4 administration (which produced physiological circulating P 4 , DHP, and 3α,5α-THP levels, particularly in the wildtype mice) decreased depressant-like behavior in the forced swim test. These effects occurred independent of changes in general motor behavior/coordination, pain threshold, and plasma corticosterone levels. Thus, the APPswe+PSEN1Δ9 mutation alters affective behavior, and P 4 treatment reversed depressive-like behavior.

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“…[1][2][3] The defining features of AD include progressive, global cognitive impairment that develops in individuals whose brains manifest densities of senile plaques that exceed those expected for age. 4,5 However, patients with this disorder manifest remarkable inter-individual variability in other clinical characteristics, including age at symptomatic onset; rate and pattern of pro-gression; emergence of disturbances of mood, thought, perception, and behavior; development of extrapyramidal symptoms; and presence of a family history of ADlike dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D10S1423 identifies a susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease in a prospective, longitudinal, double-blind study of asymptomatic individuals

2001

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Typical, later-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appear to be influenced by multiple susceptibility loci, combinations of which contribute to the development of this disorder. We previously reported the results of a systematic survey of the human genome for the identification of highly informative DNA polymorphisms (SSTRPs) that target new AD risk genes. In addition to the APOE locus, our survey detected five new candidate susceptibility loci for AD, including D10S1423. An association of the D10S1423 234-bp allele with AD has been reported in three independent samples of AD cases and controls (Boston, Pittsburgh, Bonn). Data from our case-control studies suggest a strong synergistic interaction between the D10S1423 234-bp and APOE E4 risk alleles (234-bp carrier: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.4-4.5; E4 carrier: OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 4.3-15.8; both alleles: OR = 23.1, 95% CI = 5.3-99.5). This report describes the prospective, longitudinal, double-blind assessment of the age-specific risk of AD encountered by 325 asymptomatic first-degree relatives of AD probands who carried the D10S1423 234-bp allele, the APOE E4 allele, or both, after 11.5 years of systematic follow-up. A total of 18 incident cases of AD were detected during the first 3379 subject-years of this longitudinal study. The effects of carrying either or both of the D10S1423 234-bp and APOE E4 alleles on the age-specific risk of developing AD were determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The age-specific risk of developing AD was the greatest for individuals who carried both alleles (Mantel-Cox statistic = 20.12, df = 3, P = 0.0002; Breslow statistic = 13.36, df = 3, P = 0.004). Cox proportional hazards models were developed to estimate the risk ratios for each genotype, controlling for the potential effects of age at recruitment, sex, and years of education. In the resulting best fitting model, only individuals who carried both risk alleles exhibited a risk ratio that differed significantly from 1 (risk ratio = 16.2, P = 0.008, 95% CI = 2.1-128.3). After controlling for these genotypes, female gender was also significantly associated with increased risk of developing AD (risk ratio = 5.1, P = 0.02, 95% CI = 1.2-21.1). Neither age at recruitment nor years of education made significant contributions to the model. Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 413-419.

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Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham Study

Cited by 476 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia attended in a tertiary outpatient clinic

Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia attended in a tertiary outpatient clinic

Progesterone reduces depression-like behavior in a murine model of Alzheimer’s Disease

D10S1423 identifies a susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease in a prospective, longitudinal, double-blind study of asymptomatic individuals

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