Prevalence of dementia in Chamorros on Guam

Galasko, Douglas; Salmon, David P.; Gamst, Anthony; Olichney, John; Thal, Leon J.; Silbert, Lisa C.; Kaye, Jeffrey; Brooks, Peter; Adonay, Roy; Craig, U. K.; Schellenberg, G. D.; Borenstein, Amy R.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000262028.16738.64

Cited by 68 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Then, as now, the strongest epidemiological link was to local consumption by the native Chamorro people of the starchy gametophyte of the indigenous cycad tree (Cycas micronesica) (Whiting 1963;Kurland 1988;Borenstein et al 2007;Galasko et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

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Wilson

et al. 2008

Neuromol Med

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Epidemiological studies of the Guamanian variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), have shown a positive correlation between consumption of washed cycad seed flour and disease occurrence. Previous in vivo studies by our group have shown that the same seed flour induces ALS and PDC phenotypes in out bred adult male mice. In vitro studies using isolated cycad compounds have also demonstrated that several of these are neurotoxic, specifically, a number of water insoluble phytosterol glucosides of which β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (BSSG) forms the largest fraction. BSSG is neurotoxic to motor neurons and other neuronal populations in culture. The present study shows that an in vitro hybrid motor neuron (NSC-34) culture treated with BSSG undergoes a dose-dependent cell loss. Surviving cells show increased expression of HSP70, decreased cytosolic heavy neurofilament expression, and have various morphological abnormalities. CD-1 mice fed mouse NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript chow pellets containing BSSG for 15 weeks showed motor deficits and motor neuron loss in the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord, along with decreased glutamate transporter labelling, and increased glial fibrillary acid protein reactivity. Other pathological outcomes included increased caspase-3 labelling in the striatum and decreased tyrosine-hydroxylase labelling in the striatum and substantia nigra. C57BL/6 mice fed BSSG-treated pellets for 10 weeks exhibited progressive loss of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that continued to worsen even after the BSSG exposure ended. These results provide further support implicating sterol glucosides as one potential causal factor in the motor neuron pathology previously associated with cycad consumption and ALS-PDC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Dietary Sterol Glucosides is Neurotoxic to Motor Neurons and Induces an ALS–PDC Phenotype

Tabata

Wilson

et al. 2008

Neuromol Med

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“…Cinco dos estudos selecionados mostraram que as taxas de prevalência de alto ou baixo desempenho cognitivo foram associadas à idade elevada (Galasko et al, 2007;Nitrini, 2014;Radford et al, 2015;Lo Giudice, 2015). Mais da metade dos estudos relataram o início precoce de comprometimento cognitivo (demência ou comprometimento cognitivo), ou seja, antes dos 65 anos de idade (Jervis et al, 2007;British, 2007;Smith et al, 2008;Jacklin et al, 2012, Brucki, Nitrini, 2014Lo Giudice, 2015).…”

Section: (Tabela 2)unclassified

“…Mulheres tiveram melhor desempenho que os homens, mesmo quando as condições de educação e saúde analisadas foram controladas (Jervis et al, 2007). APOE4s também foi analisada em dois estudos transversais, havendo associações significativas (Galasko et al, 2007;Jervis et al, 2007).…”

Section: (Tabela 2)unclassified

“…A baixa escolaridade (Galasko et al, 2007;Jervis et al, 2007;Nitrini, 2014;Lo Giudice, 2015) e saúde foram associadas a altas taxas de demência (Mehta et al, 2008;Lo Giudice et al, 2015). Com acompanhamento de 6, 7 anos nas populações indígenas, verificou-se que pouca atividade física, lesão na cabeça (TCE), uso de medicamento, baixo índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram associados ao comprometimento cognitivo (CCL ou demência).…”

Section: (Tabela 2)unclassified

“…As taxas de prevalência de demência variaram entre 0,4% e 26,8% para aqueles com 60 anos e mais velhos (Hall et al, 1993;Smih et al, 2008;Jacklin et al, 2012;Radford et al, 2015) e variaram entre 4,4% e 17,7% (Galasko et al, 2007;Smih et al, 2008;Nitrini, 2014;Radford et al, 2015;Lo Giudice et al, 2015), para comprometimento cognitivo. Doença de Alzheimer (DA) foi o subtipo mais comum de demência (Galasko et al, 2007;Radford et al, 2015;Lo Giudice et al, 2015).…”

Section: (Tabela 2)unclassified

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