Prevalence of dental anomalies and bone alterations in children’s panoramic radiographies

Abstract

Objective To verify the prevalence of dental anomalies in terms of number, position and shape, and the presence of bone alterations, through analysis of panoramic radiographs. Methods This study evaluated dental anomalies and bone alterations in children aged 6 to 12 years-old, detected on panoramic radiographies recorded in the radiographic database of the Federal University of Espírito Santo between 2012 and 2016. Clinical and demographic information were registered. Dental records were retrieved to obtain the medical history involving syndromes or other diseases that may interfere with the anomalies and alterations. Chi-square and exact Fischer’s statistical tests were performed. Results There were alterations in 83 out of 301 panoramic radiographs analyzed. There were 169 anomalies or alterations (mean of 2,04±1,38 anomalies/patient), involving 201 teeth. The most prevalent anomaly was tooth impaction (26.63%), which affected the canines more frequently, followed by hypodontia (24.26%), more often found in the second premolar, and both affected mostly females. Hyperdontia and radiolucent lesions showed the same prevalence (18.93%), the most affected teeth were those of the anterosuperior region and the first mandibular molars, respectively. The least prevalent anomalies were dilaceration (7.69%), taurodontism (2.37%) and radiopaque lesions (1.18%). Bone alterations were significantly more found in mandible and in the posterior region, which confirms the prevalence in the lower molars. Conclusion Although there was no statistically significant difference regarding sex, there was a high prevalence of anomalies and alterations in our study population, which indicates the importance of its diagnosis by means of a panoramic x-ray examination.

Prevalence and influence of dental development anomalies in smile esthetics

“…Macrodontia was observed in the maxillary central incisors, as well as in the studies by Yassin 29 (2016). Impacted third molars were also observed by other authors 3,22 probably because they are the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity.…”

“…In a recent study with panoramic radiographs of Brazilian children, a prevalence of DDA of 27.5% was observed, with hypodontia being the most common (7.3%) 3 . Compared to other common oral cavity diseases and disorders, such as tooth decay and periodontal diseases, they are less common, however, treatment and control are often associated with difficulty and complexity 5,6 .…”

“…Dental developmental anomaly (DDA) is any disorder or deviation of an anatomical characteristic or structure, relative to normality, whose etiology may be congenital, genetic in the periods of prenatal and postnatal development, or due to environmental factors, during training and cell differentiation. They can be characterized by disorders in the following aspects: shape, size, number, position, and eruption [1][2][3][4] .…”