Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review

Aguilar-Díaz, Fátima del Carmen; Morales-Corona, Federico; Cintra-Viveiro, Aline Cristina; Fuente-Hernández, Javier de la

doi:10.21149/7764

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, it had a considerably high prevalent in optimal areas. On the other hand, the likelihood of it occurring in this study presented a clear similarity to studies in the United States of America (USA) and Mexico which show increase in prevalence of fluorosis [ 56 , 57 ]. Hamdan et al had performed a study in Jordan several years ago.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population

Warawreh

Tamimi

Qatawna

et al. 2020

International Journal of Dentistry

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Introduction. Jordan is one of the Middle Eastern countries that is classified as a poor water resource country. People in Jordan consume any available water. In the south of Jordan, water resources are limited. The drinking water contains high levels of fluoride, which in turn leads to augmented danger of both skeletal and dental fluorosis. Aims. This study is focused on evaluating the pervasiveness of dental fluorosis among patients of Karak City and assessing the degree and distribution of fluorosis. Materials and Methods. This research focuses on 2,512 patients ranging from 12 to 52 years old seeking dental treatment in the Dental Department at “Prince Ali ben Al Houssin Hospital” in Karak City. Dental fluorosis status was assessed by using Modified Dean’s Fluorosis Index.” The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The dental fluorosis prevalence within our sample was 39.9% in Karak City. Females were more influenced than males, and fluorosis was detected more often in those who drank tap water and was more common in a very mild and localized form. Conclusion. Fluorosis necessitates constant observation, and future study in terms of the intake in Jordan is recommended in terms of all sources. It would not be too soon to note that the supply of drinking water needs to be changed in South Jordan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population

Warawreh

Tamimi

Qatawna

et al. 2020

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…A study review including 14 child population studies published from 1979 to 2001 observed a dental fluorosis prevalence range from 30% to 100% [56]. Another review that included 17 studies performed in Mexican communities from 10 states between 2005 and 2015 reported a prevalence range of 15.5% to 100% [57]. This high prevalence even in regions considered to have optimal or suboptimal fluoride concentrations suggests an important contribution from other sources, which should be considered in a reevaluation of the concept of optimal fluoride concentration in water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to mention that this BE value is based on severe dental fluorosis as a disease criterion derived from a non-Mexican child population (Table 2). In Mexico, high dental fluorosis prevalence rates have been reported even in regions with fluoride water concentrations <1.5 mg/L, suggesting alternative sources of fluoride exposure [577197]. Also, dose-response association between fluoride intake and dental fluorosis suggests that the critical limit in guidance values may not be safe for Mexican children and should be revised in further research to establish recommendations for fluoride distribution schemes and regulations in water, salt, food, and toothpaste in Mexico [96].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children

Limón-Pacheco

Jiménez-Córdova²,

Cárdenas-González

et al. 2018

Annals of Global Health

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Background:Mexico is included in the list of countries with concurrent arsenic and fluoride contamination in drinking water. Most of the studies have been carried out in the adult population and very few in the child population. Urinary arsenic and urinary fluoride levels have been accepted as good biomarkers of exposure dose. The Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) values are useful tools for health assessment using human biomonitoring data in relation to the exposure guidance values, but BE information for children is limited.Methods:We conducted a systematic review of the reported levels of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water, urinary quantification of speciated arsenic (inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites), and urinary fluoride levels in child populations. For BE values, urinary arsenic and fluoride concentrations reported in Mexican child populations were revised discussing the influence of factors such as diet, use of dental products, sex, and metabolism.Results:Approximately 0.5 and 6 million Mexican children up to 14 years of age drink water with arsenic levels over 10 µg/L and fluoride over 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, 40% of localities with arsenic levels higher than 10 µg/L also present concurrent fluoride exposure higher than 1.5 mgF/L. BE values based in urinary arsenic of 15 µg/L and urinary fluoride of 1.2 mg/L for the environmentally exposed child population are suggested.Conclusions:An actual risk map of Mexican children exposed to high levels of arsenic, fluoride, and both arsenic and fluoride in drinking water was generated. Mexican normativity for maximum contaminant level for arsenic and fluoride in drinking water should be adjusted and enforced to preserve health. BE should be used in child populations to investigate exposure.

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“…That study also assessed the relationship between the concentration of fluoride in water and the incidence of dental fluorosis in each area and concluded that communities living in high-altitude areas might show a higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis by 83.8% than communities living at sea level. 30…”

Section: Dental Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

High Altitude and Its Effects on Oral Health: A Review of Literature

Ashour

2020

Journal of Advanced Oral Research

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Health deterioration at high altitudes is related to many pathophysiological processes. The literature contains much evidence describing the multiple factors responsible for this deterioration, including hypoxia, decreased oxygen saturation, and decreased barometric pressure. An increase in the levels of oxidative stress at high altitudes can lead to many serious health events, although the human body may be able to adapt to such changes in the case of people who are accustomed to living at a high altitude. The pathophysiological processes at high altitudes also have adverse effects on oral tissue health. The aim of this review is to summarize the major published findings about oral health deterioration of living in and travelling to high-altitude areas. Most studies have noted the adverse effects of prolonged exposure to hypoxia at high altitudes on oral tissues, including the salivary gland, periodontal tissue, gingival crevicular fluids, and jawbone. These changes include increases in the levels of inflammatory mediators and periodontal inflammation parameters. In addition, the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis is higher in residents of high-altitude areas. Abrupt changes in barometric pressure in people who travel to high altitudes may cause dental barotrauma and appear to increase sensitivity to pain (barodontalgia). In conclusion, it is important to consider that travelling to and living in high-altitude areas is a possible risk factor for multiple oral diseases.

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Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population

Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children

High Altitude and Its Effects on Oral Health: A Review of Literature

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