Prevalence of depression among hypothyroid patients attending the primary healthcare and endocrine clinics of King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU)

Bushulaybi, Naimah A.; Alhumam, Aishah S.; Alghamdi, Arwa; Aldakhil, Hala A.; Alumair, Nesreen A.; Shafey, Marwa M

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_456_19

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to the study's findings, depression is common among hypothyroidism patients. It is suggested that people with hypothyroidism be screened for depression [ 32 ]. Demartini et al surveyed 63 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the year 2010 in Milan to establish the association of depressive symptoms in patients with SCH.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Narrative Review

Nuguru¹,

Rachakonda²,

Sripathi³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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There has been an established relationship between hypothyroidism and depression. Studies have demonstrated that somatostatin and serotonin influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, which links hypothyroidism to depression. Multiple studies concluded that undiagnosed, untreated, undertreated patients with hypothyroidism are at increased risk of developing depression. Autoimmune thyroiditis is also associated with an increased risk of depression. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroglobulin (TgAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) levels have all been linked to depression and an increased risk of suicide. Moreover, hypothyroidism is known to be one of the leading causes of treatment-resistant depression. Treating underlying hypothyroidism with thyroid replacement therapy could significantly improve mood disorders such as depression. Levothyroxine therapy is also used as adjunctive therapy to antidepressants in the management of depression, and it is known to improve the symptoms of depression rapidly when compared to antidepressants alone. This review strengthens the link between hypothyroidism and depression, and it also demonstrates how treating the underlying hypothyroidism in people who have been diagnosed with depression will be very beneficial.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Narrative Review

Nuguru¹,

Rachakonda²,

Sripathi³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…A significant proportion of participants in our study had symptoms of depression ranging from mild to quite severe, supporting the findings of Mohammad et al ., where 33.9% of patients received a diagnosis of depression with different degrees of severity [ 44 ]. Similar rates were reported in studies conducted in Nepal and Turkey, indicating that 24% of individuals diagnosed with thyroid disorders also had symptoms of depression [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening factors affecting proper levothyroxine therapy among patients with primary hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study

Ali,

Abdulridha,

Alzajaji

2024

JMedLife

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“…Depression is widespread among hypothyroidism patients. Hypothyroidism patients should be examined for depression [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression Illness in Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism Presenting to Endocrine Clinic

Khalid¹,

Kalra²,

Sarwar³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Background and Aim: Depression is associated with hypothyroidism. Somatostatin and serotonin are known to influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, resulting in depression in hypothyroid patients. Neurological symptoms such as behavioral disturbances, anxiety, and depression can be associated with thyroid hormone deficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate the depression illness in primary hypothyroidism patients presented to endocrine clinics. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 124 primary hypothyroidism patients presented to the endocrine clinic of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar during the period from February 2022 to January 2023. Patients of either gender aged >17 years and diagnosed with hypothyroidism based on T3 or T4 lower level (<1.71 pg/mL or T4 <0.7 ng/dL), higher TSH level (>4.94 uIU/mL), and TSH lower levels (<0.35 uIU/mL) were enrolled. Besides obtaining sociodemographic information, status of thyroid function status, and depression associated factors were noted. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used for screening the depression among hypothyroidism patients. Moreover, the laboratory results were obtained from the patient's medical records. SPSS version 27 was used for descriptive statistics. Results: The overall mean age was 40.16 ± 10.52 years with an age range from 18 to 70 years. There were 115 (92.7%) females and 9 (6.3%) male. About 8.2% of patients were illiterate. There were 86.7% (n=85) married. The prevalence of varying degree depression illness was 36.7% (n=36). Fatigue, hair loss, memory problem, and gland enlargement were the most prevalent depression associated symptoms. The incidence of normal, low, and elevated TSH levels were 56.1% (n=55), 7 (7.1%), and 36.8% (n=36) respectively. The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism were fatigue and reproductive issues, followed by hair loss, weight gain, thyroid gland enlargement, and cognitive difficulties. The incidence of mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression was 39.8% (n=39), 12.2% (n=12), 20.4% (n=20), and 5.1% (n=5) respectively. Among hypothyroid patients, the prevalence of most stressful issues such as family, social, emotional issues, and stressful life conditions were 29 (29.6%), 22 (22.4%), 18 (18.4%), and 62 (63.3%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that hypothyroid patients are more likely to suffer from depression and outlined the symptoms most commonly associated with depression. The incidence of depression in hypothyroid patients was 36.7%. Pregnancy, economic problems, educational problems, emotional problems, and social problems were the most common stressful situations among hypothyroid people. Patients with hypothyroidism are inclined to depression regardless of their TSH level or other risk factors such as socioeconomic problems. Keywords: Depression, Primary hypothyroidism, Treatment-resistance depression, Patient Health Questionnaire-9

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Prevalence of depression among hypothyroid patients attending the primary healthcare and endocrine clinics of King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU)

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Narrative Review

Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Narrative Review

Screening factors affecting proper levothyroxine therapy among patients with primary hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study

Depression Illness in Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism Presenting to Endocrine Clinic

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