Prevalence of Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Pakistan

Aamir, Iram Saddiqa

doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100126

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The prevalence rates of prenatal depression differ between high, middle and low—income countries. Studies from various countries around the world show a prevalence rate ranging from as low as 4% to as high as 81% (13–16). The prevalence rate is reported to be lower in high income countries like Australia 7% (17), Hong Kong 4.4% (18), Finland 7.7% (19), and higher in many of the low-income countries like Pakistan 64.6% (20), Bangladesh 18% (13), Nigeria 24.5% (14), and Ethiopia 24.94% (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study

Sheeba

Nath

Metgud

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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Background: Depression is the commonest psychological problem that affects a woman during her perinatal period worldwide. The risk of prenatal depression increases as the pregnancy progresses and clinically significant depressive symptoms are common in the mid and late trimester. There is a paucity of research on depression during the prenatal period in India. Given this background, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of prenatal depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangalore, Southern India. Methods: The study was nested within an on-going cohort study. The study participants included 280 pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at Jaya Nagar General Hospital (Sanjay Gandhi Hospital) in Bangalore. The data was collected by using a structured questionnaire which included. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to screen for prenatal depression. Results: The proportion of respondents who screened positive for prenatal depression was 35.7%. Presence of domestic violence was found to impose a five times higher and highly significant risk of developing prenatal depression among the respondents. Pregnancy related anxiety and a recent history of catastrophic events were also found to be a positive predictors of prenatal depression. Conclusion: The high prevalence of prenatal depression in the present study is suggestive of its significance as a public health problem. Health care plans therefore can include screening and diagnosis of prenatal depression in the antenatal care along with other health care facilities provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study

Sheeba

Nath

Metgud

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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“…A higher percentage of antepartum depression was reported by a study performed in Karachi, where the prevalence of antepartum depression was 81% [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Assessment of Antepartum Depression and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Two Primary Health Care Units in Qaliobia Governorate, Egypt

Mostafa

El-Rafie

Sayed

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Background: Depression during pregnancy occurs more often than most people realize. Early detection of depression during pregnancy is critical because depression can adversely affect birth outcome and neonatal health. Mental health care during pregnancy is a serious public health issue. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression and its effects on pregnancy outcome; among pregnant women in the last trimester,living in rural Egypt. Methods: the first part of the study was cross sectional; to assess the prevalence of antepartum depression. This was followed by a prospective part to detect the effects of antepartum depression on the outcome of pregnancy. The sample size was 300 consented women. A structured interview questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic and economic data, obstetric history, and neonatal information. Hamilton Rating Scale was used to detect the prevalence and level of Depression Results: 68.7% of sampled women suffered from antepartum depression. The incidence of low birth weight was (4%), and about one fifth of babies were admitted in NICU in the first month. Death in first month of life was (3%). The only significant predictor of unfavorable birth outcome using logistic regression was depression level. Females with severe depression were 9.43 at higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than normal ones. Also females with moderate depression had 1.4 higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than females without depression. Conclusion: (68.7%) of women suffered from depression during pregnancy. Increasing level of depression was significantly associated with adverse birth outcome. Key Words: depression, pregnancy, mental health, ANC, neonatal health.

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“…The prevalence of depression in expecting women attending antenatal clinics in Karachi, Pakistan was determined [ 28 ]. Among 300 women, the prevalence of antenatal depression was reported to be 81%.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in Pakistan estimates a very high prevalence of antenatal depression and anxiety [ 21 ]—a major predictor of child morbidity in the region [ 11 ]. Among Pakistani women, important risk factors include poverty, high parity, uneducated husband [ 21 ], abuse [ 22 , 23 ], problems in marriage, history of psychiatric illnesses, postnatal depression, previous miscarriages, stillbirths, complications in pregnancy [ 24 ], illiteracy and unplanned pregnancies [ 25 ], fear of childbirth, separation from husband [ 26 ], low social support, rural background, abortion, history of harassment, c-section delivery [ 27 ], and young age [ 28 ]. The heterogeneous etiology of perinatal depression is evident from the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Risk of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety Using Multi-Layer Perceptrons and Support Vector Machines

Javed

Gilani

Latif

et al. 2021

JPM

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Perinatal depression and anxiety are defined to be the mental health problems a woman faces during pregnancy, around childbirth, and after child delivery. While this often occurs in women and affects all family members including the infant, it can easily go undetected and underdiagnosed. The prevalence rates of antenatal depression and anxiety worldwide, especially in low-income countries, are extremely high. The wide majority suffers from mild to moderate depression with the risk of leading to impaired child–mother relationship and infant health, few women end up taking their own lives. Owing to high costs and non-availability of resources, it is almost impossible to diagnose every pregnant woman for depression/anxiety whereas under-detection can have a lasting impact on mother and child’s health. This work proposes a multi-layer perceptron based neural network (MLP-NN) classifier to predict the risk of depression and anxiety in pregnant women. We trained and evaluated our proposed system on a Pakistani dataset of 500 women in their antenatal period. ReliefF was used for feature selection before classifier training. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the trained model. Multilayer perceptron and support vector classifier achieved an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 88% and 80% for antenatal depression and 85% and 77% for antenatal anxiety, respectively. The system can be used as a facilitator for screening women during their routine visits in the hospital’s gynecology and obstetrics departments.

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Prevalence of Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study

Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study

Assessment of Antepartum Depression and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Two Primary Health Care Units in Qaliobia Governorate, Egypt

Predicting Risk of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety Using Multi-Layer Perceptrons and Support Vector Machines

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