Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with Tourette syndrome; 1997 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abbasi, Parvin; Tanhaie, Sepideh; Kazeminia, Mohsen

doi:10.1186/s13052-023-01562-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, tic-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms of different degrees of severity can be reported by the majority of patients with neurodevelopmental tics but are rarely seen in association with functional tic-like behaviors [ 52 ]. Patients with Tourette syndrome are often diagnosed with co-morbid anxiety and affective disorders [ 53 , 54 ]; however, these symptoms seem to present with a higher prevalence in patients with functional tic-like behaviors [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Tic-like Behaviors: From the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Post-Pandemic Era

Cavanna,

Spini,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been multiple reports about an unforeseen surge in adolescents and young adults exhibiting sudden onset functional tic-like behaviors. This phenomenon has been mainly associated with the female gender and occasionally after exposure to social media content featuring similar patterns of functional tic-like behaviors. A significant portion of these individuals have been directed to specialist clinics for movement disorders with initial misdiagnoses of late-onset refractory Tourette syndrome. Distinguishing between rapid onset functional tic-like behaviors and neurodevelopmental tics as part of Tourette syndrome can be challenging; however, the differential diagnosis is facilitated by focusing on specific clinical and demographic factors, which we have explored in a systematic literature review. Compared to neurodevelopmental tics, functional tic-like behaviors typically present with a more abrupt and intense manifestation of symptoms, onset at a later age, higher prevalence among females, inability to suppress tics, coexisting anxiety and depression, and sometimes a history of exposure to social media content portraying tic-like behaviors of a similar nature. This novel manifestation of a functional neurological disorder may thus be viewed as an emerging neuropsychiatric condition potentially triggered/exacerbated by the psychosocial repercussions of the COVID-19 crisis.

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