Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Estimating the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults with different health conditions can inform mental health services for this population during the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: A search of 12 scientific databases identified 17 studies with 11,237 Chinese older adults who were infected by COVID-19, were generally healthy, or had chronic illnesses. Meta-analysis was used to estimate the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in these three groups. Assessment criteria, region, and time phase of the pandemic were tested as sources of heterogeneity. Results: With an average risk of bias score of 6.71 (range = 6–8), the majority of included studies employed appropriate statistical methods, used validated measurement tools, and had adequate response rates; however, they might have deficiencies in sample frame, sampling method, and sample size. Within the COVID-19, general, and chronic illness groups, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27%, 26%, and 61%, respectively, and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 14%, 23%, and 85%, respectively. Among generally healthy older adults, anxiety was more prevalent during the Phase 2 (March–April 2020) of the pandemic compared with other time phases. Conclusions: The results have implications for addressing the mental health problems of Chinese older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between depression or anxiety symptoms and immune-inflammatory characteristics in in-patients with tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

“…Moreover, divorced or widowed individuals have a greater susceptibility to psychological issues, potentially because this population has experienced more stressful life events and lacks the companionship, comfort, and support from their spouses. Previous studies have also concluded that psychological distress was common in older adults, with ~30% of this population experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms ( 38 ), and the percentage was higher in divorced or widowed population than those married ( 39 ). Poverty is both a risk factor and a consequence of TB.…”

Gejala Depresi pada Lanjut Usia di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

“…Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengukur gejala depresi pada lansia yaitu instrumen penelitian yang sudah valid dan reliabel. Pada (Aihara & Kiyoshi, 2021;Alhalaseh et al, 2022;Kurniawidjaja et al, 2022;Lage et al, 2021;Mistry, Ali, Hossain, et al, 2021;Quispe Saenz et al, 2021), empat penelitian menggunakan Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Kwan, Lee, Cheung, & Lam, 2021;Li et al, 2021;Pereira-Ávila et al, 2021;Yan, Du, Lai, Ren, & Li, 2022) sedangkan sisanya menggunakan instrument valid lainnya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia yang berusia 60 tahun ke atas.…”

“…Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur diperoleh data rentang prevalensi pada lansia jika dilihat dengan skrining kuesioner GDS-15 yaitu 30.3 % -62 % sedangkan dengan kuesioner PHQ-9 diperoleh hasil dengan rentang 7.7 % -62.3%. Hasil review terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi gejala depresi pada lansia yaitu status tinggal saat ini (tinggal sendiri, bersama keluarga), kesepian, isolasi diri, kurangnya beraktivitas/rekreasi, ketergantungan dalam Activity of Daily Living (ADL), serta memiliki penyakit penyerta (komorbid) merupakan faktor resiko lansia memiliki gejala depresi (Alhalaseh et al, 2022;Hayashi et al, 2022;Lage et al, 2021;Mistry dkk, 2021;Olyani dkk, 2021;Quispe Saenz et al, 2021;Yan et al, 2022), sedangkan mendapatkan penghasilan dan tinggal bersama keluarga merupakan faktor protektif yang dapat mencegah lansia memiliki gejala depresi (Olyani dkk, 2021;Pereira-Ávila et al, 2021). Ringkasan literatur dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.…”

“…Hasil penelitan menyebutkan seseorang yang memiliki komorbiditas atau penyakit penyerta seperti hipertensi, obesitas, diabetes melitus jika terpapar dengan Covid-19 memiliki tingkat keparahan yang lebih tinggi (Alkautsar, 2021;Senewe, 2021). Hal ini dapat menyebabkan lansia merasa cemas dengan kondisi fisiknya, yang didukung oleh penelitian yang dilakukan Amir (2021) dimana prevalensi lansia yang mengalami ansietas di masa pandemi Covid-19 mencapai angka 56.1% (Amir, 2021) dan studi systematic review melaporkan persentase depresi pada lansia yang memiliki penyakit penyerta adalah 61% (Yan et al, 2022). Sehingga, lansia yang memiliki penyakit penyerta di masa pandemi Covid-19 sangat beresiko memiliki gejala depresi.…”

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Anxiety, Depression and Nursing Burden of Caregivers in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

“…Many studies have demonstrated that disrupted living habits, such as reduced PA, social isolation and disturbed sleep due to confinement, have adversely affected the physical and mental status of seniors during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 7 , 8 ). A systematic review ( 9 ) showed the general population, particular older adults, had higher pool prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, poor sleep quality or insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, a previous study has confirmed that the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in people affected by quarantine was double compared to unaffected individuals ( 10 ).…”