Prevalence of depressive symptoms in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Ettman, Catherine K.; Fan, Alice; Subramanian, Maya; Adam, Gaelen P; Goicoechea, Elena Badillo; Abdalla, Salma M; Stuart, Elizabeth A.; Galea, Sandro

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101348

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Estimates suggest that depression cost the US $326 billion in 2018, with a rising share being shouldered by workplaces [ 67 ]. With elevated levels of depression reported during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 68 ] and adolescents aging into adulthood, the burden of poor mental health is likely to rise, along with costs to individuals, employers, and families. Addressing financial strain, particularly as economies grapple with inflation and adjust to a post-COVID-19 world, may help to reduce the burden of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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While the association between assets and depression has been established, less is known about the link between financial strain and depression. Given rising financial strain and economic inequity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the role that financial strain plays in shaping population depression in the United States is particularly salient. We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature on financial strain and depression published from inception through January 19, 2023, in Embase, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO, PsycArticles, SocINDEX, and EconLit via Ebsco. We searched, reviewed, and synthesized the literature on longitudinal studies on financial strain and depression conducted in the United States. Four thousand and four unique citations were screened for eligibility. Fifty-eight longitudinal, quantitative articles on adults in the United States were included in the review. Eighty-three percent of articles (n = 48) reported a significant, positive association between financial strain and depression. Eight articles reported mixed results, featuring non-significant associations for some sub-groups and significant associations for others, one article was unclear, and one article reported no significant association between financial strain and depression. Five articles featured interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. Effective interventions included coping mechanisms to improve one’s financial situation (e.g., mechanisms to assist in finding employment), to modify cognitive behavior (e.g., reframing mindset), and to engage support (e.g., engaging social and community support). Successful interventions were tailored to participants, were group-based (e.g., they included family members or other job seekers), and occurred over multiple sessions. While depression was defined consistently, financial strain was defined variably. Gaps in the literature included studies featuring Asian populations in the United States and interventions to reduce financial strain. There is a consistent, positive association between financial strain and depression in the United States. More research is needed to identify and test interventions that mitigate the ill effects of financial strain on population’s mental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…First, this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which might have affected the study variables. For instance, there were reports of both poor sleep quality (Scarpelli et al, 2022) and a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (Ettman et al, 2023) during the pandemic. Furthermore, Black Americans reported a higher level of financial hardship than White Americans throughout the pandemic, which was related to an elevated risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms (Kim, 2021).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual orientation and race in daytime sleepiness among cisgender individuals: Roles of discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Oh,

Potter,

Patterson

2024

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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“…Abnormal levels of NTs have been linked to several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, dementia, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease . In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, with studies reporting that the presence of depressive symptoms was greater than global estimates preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. , Recent studies have shed light on the diverse roles that NTs play in the nervous system. The dysregulation of serotonin has been linked to several neurological disorders, such as cerebellar tremors, neuropsychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, stress, aggression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. , Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a potentially life-threatening condition, and early recognition and treatment are crucial for patient outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, with studies reporting that the presence of depressive symptoms was greater than global estimates preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. 3,4 Recent studies have shed light on the diverse roles that NTs play in the nervous system. The dysregulation of serotonin has been linked to several neurological disorders, such as cerebellar tremors, neuropsychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, stress, aggression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Electrochemical Microneedle Sensors Based on the Graphene-Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposite for Real-Time Continuous Monitoring of the Depression Biomarker Serotonin

Panicker,

Shamsheera,

Narayan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Wearable microneedle-based electrochemical sensor technologies are promptly growing due to their unique capabilities, such as minimally invasive, painless, real-time, continuous monitoring, etc. Strong disruptions or imbalances of neurotransmitter systems are associated with many chronic diseases and mental disorders, including Parkinson’s, depression, anxiety, memory loss, significant changes in weight, and chronic physical or emotional stress. The captivating advantages of the wearable microneedle-based sensor enable continuous monitoring of various biomarkers and pharmaceutical drugs in interstitial fluid (ISF). In this present work, we have developed a sensor for continuous monitoring of the biologically important neurotransmitter Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) through a microneedle patch. The new microneedle sensor array relies on Ag/rGO-modified carbon paste microneedle electrodes for square wave voltammetry and amperometry detection of the 5-HT target. Such real-time orthogonal sensing offers distinct, unique information and the desired analytical performance. The surfaces of the working electrodes have been characterized with electroanalytical and surface morphological techniques. The developed sensor was able to detect 5-HT target from phosphate-buffered saline buffer within linear ranges of 3–21 and 6–60 μM (both short and long ranges) with well-defined linearity. The continuous monitoring and biofouling studies of the microneedle sensor were demonstrated in artificial ISF containing bovine serum albumin by using chronoamperometry. The sensor exhibited linearity in the range of 13.5–95 μM. The long-term monitoring capability of the sensor was demonstrated in an artificial ISF medium. The specificity of the sensor was exhibited in the presence of potentially interfering substances. The excellent performance shown in the skin-mimicking model proved that the microneedle sensor platform holds considerable promise for real-time detection of the important neurotransmitter 5-HT in the ISF.

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review

Sexual orientation and race in daytime sleepiness among cisgender individuals: Roles of discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Wearable Electrochemical Microneedle Sensors Based on the Graphene-Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposite for Real-Time Continuous Monitoring of the Depression Biomarker Serotonin

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