Prevalence of Diabetes Among Hispanics/Latinos From Diverse Backgrounds: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Abstract

OBJECTIVEWe examine differences in prevalence of diabetes and rates of awareness and control among adults from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe HCHS/SOL, a prospective, multicenter, population-based study, enrolled from four U.S. metropolitan areas from 2008 to 2011 16,415 18–74-year-old people of Hispanic/Latino descent. Diabetes was defined by either fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance 2 h after a glucose load, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), or documented use of hypoglycemic agents (scanned medications).RESULTSDiabetes prevalence varied from 10.2% in South Americans and 13.4% in Cubans to 17.7% in Central Americans, 18.0% in Dominicans and Puerto Ricans, and 18.3% in Mexicans (P < 0.0001). Prevalence related positively to age (P < 0.0001), BMI (P < 0.0001), and years living in the U.S. (P = 0.0010) but was negatively related to education (P = 0.0005) and household income (P = 0.0043). Rate of diabetes awareness was 58.7%, adequate glycemic control (A1C <7%, 53 mmol/mol) was 48.0%, and having health insurance among those with diabetes was 52.4%.CONCLUSIONSPresent findings indicate a high prevalence of diabetes but considerable diversity as a function of Hispanic background. The low rates of diabetes awareness, diabetes control, and health insurance in conjunction with the negative associations between diabetes prevalence and both household income and education among Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. have important implications for public health policies.

Diet Quality and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Vary by Hispanic and Latino Ethnic Background in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

“…The AHEI was inversely associated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and glucose for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans and with TGs for Mexicans, and was positively associated with HDL cholesterol for Puerto Ricans and Central Americans. Standardized measures showed that associations 2 Physical activity was assessed by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Self-reported hours of activity at work, travel, and leisure, as well as sedentary behavior, were converted into metabolic equivalents and categorized as high, moderate, or low levels, on the basis of number of days spent doing physical activity at each designated intensity level.…”

“…The prevalence of diabetes in this adult population has been estimated to be between 11% (1) and 17% (2), and in 2015, 48% of Hispanic and Latino men and 32% of women had CVD (3).…”

Genetic Associations with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Traits in Hispanic/Latino Americans

“…Moreover, the genetic risk of OSA is known to vary by continental ancestries; a study of 31 global ancestral informative markers in Brazilians has indicated ancestry-related differences of risk for OSA (5). No prior study has studied the genetic associations of OSA in Hispanic/Latino Americans, a growing demographic group with a high prevalence of OSA and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors (6)(7)(8).…”

Type 2 Diabetes Self-management Among Spanish-Speaking Hispanic Immigrants

“…While the prevalence rate of T2DM is 7.6 % among non-Hipsanic Whites age 20 and older the rate among Hispanic populations age 18-74 years is 16.9 %, exceeding that of non-Hispanic Blacks (13.2 %) and American Indians/Alaskan Natives (15.9 %) [6,7]. Among Hispanic subgroups, persons of Mexican heritage have the highest prevalence rate (18.3 %), followed by Puerto Ricans and Dominicans at 18.0.…”