Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Greece. Results of the First National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO) study

Makrilakis, Konstantinos; Kalpourtzi, Natasa; Ioannidis, Ioannis; Iraklianou, Stella; Raptis, Athanasios; Sotiropoulos, A.; Gavana, Magda; Vantarakis, Apostolos; Καντζάνου, Μαρία; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos; Chlouverakis, Grigoris; Trypsianis, Grigoris; Alamanos, Yannis; Touloumi, Giota; Liatis, Stavros

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108646

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The diabetes prevalence of 6.0% is comparable with or slightly lower than the prevalence in other Western European countries, 1,2,5 whereas the 6.4% prevalence of prediabetes is low compared with previous prevalence estimates of 9%-28% in studies using the same definition as our study (HbA1c 39-47 mmol/mol [5.7%-6.4%]). 1,23,26 The proportion of diabetes cases that were undiagnosed of 11% is low compared with previous reports of 22%-25%, [1][2][3][4][5][6] and far lower than IDF estimates from 2019 of 41% undiagnosed diabetes in Europe. 7 Nonetheless, several studies report declining proportions of undiagnosed diabetes, 2,4,24,25 and two population-based studies from 2020 from Denmark and Greece found only 12% and 9% of patients with diabetes being undiagnosed, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The proportion of diabetes cases that were undiagnosed of 11% is low compared with previous reports of 22%–25%, 1–6 and far lower than IDF estimates from 2019 of 41% undiagnosed diabetes in Europe 7 . Nonetheless, several studies report declining proportions of undiagnosed diabetes, 2,4,24,25 and two population‐based studies from 2020 from Denmark and Greece found only 12% and 9% of patients with diabetes being undiagnosed, respectively 22,26 . In addition, a recent study from the UK Biobank found a similarly low prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes of 0.8% 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway

et al. 2022

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Aims We investigated the current extent of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes and their associated cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study. Methods All residents aged ≥20 years in the Nord‐Trøndelag region, Norway, were invited to the HUNT4 Survey in 2017–2019, and 54% attended. Diagnosed diabetes was self‐reported, and in those reporting no diabetes HbA1c was used to classify undiagnosed diabetes (≥48 mmol/mol [6.5%]) and prediabetes (39–47 mmol/mol [5.7%–6.4%]). We estimated the age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence of these conditions and their age‐ and sex‐adjusted associations with other cardiovascular risk factors. Results Among 52,856 participants, the prevalence of diabetes was 6.0% (95% CI 5.8, 6.2), of which 11.1% were previously undiagnosed (95% CI 10.1, 12.2). The prevalence of prediabetes was 6.4% (95% CI 6.2, 6.6). Among participants with undiagnosed diabetes, 58% had HbA1c of 48–53 mmol/mol (6.5%–7.0%), and only 14% (i.e., 0.1% of the total study population) had HbA1c >64 mmol/mol (8.0%). Compared with normoglycaemic participants, those with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes had higher body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and C‐reactive protein but lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p < 0.001). Participants with undiagnosed diabetes had less favourable values for every measured risk factor compared with those with diagnosed diabetes. Conclusions The low prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes suggests that the current case‐finding‐based diagnostic practice is well‐functioning. Few participants with undiagnosed diabetes had very high HbA1c levels indicating severe hyperglycaemia. Nonetheless, participants with undiagnosed diabetes had a poorer cardiovascular risk profile compared with participants with known or no diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway

et al. 2022

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“…Findings from the Greek EPIC cohort indicated that younger adults were more likely to gradually abandon the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet, consuming more red meat and fewer fruits and legumes [ 36 ]. The current findings of the HYDRIA survey could explain the high prevalence of obesity, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, CVD), and their relevant risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol, and glucose levels) observed among younger adults in Greece [ 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Greece, since 2010, three nationally representative studies have been conducted, the HYDRIA (2013–2014) [ 3 , 4 ] survey, the PA.ME.D.Y (2013–2015) [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], and the EMENO (2013–2016) [ 8 , 9 ] study. PA.ME.DY investigated the association of dietary patterns with health and lifestyle characteristics of the adult Greek population [ 5 , 6 ], while EMENO investigated the morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors of the adult population [ 9 , 10 ]. The HYDRIA survey in the review of Rippin et al was cited as the only national survey in Greece that collected food, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes in a representative sample of adults [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Today’s Mediterranean Diet in Greece: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey—HYDRIA (2013–2014)

et al. 2022

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the food and macronutrient intake of the population in Greece and evaluate its adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. Methods: Adults over 18 years old (n = 4011) were included from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition survey—HYDRIA. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-h recall interviews and a nonquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Macronutrient intakes were calculated using an updated version of the Greek FCT. Results: Only 28.3% of the adult population had high adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet, with a higher percentage (39.7%) observed for participants over 65 years compared to those under 65 years (25.5%). Differences in adherence to the MD were observed among the four geographical regions in Greece. Younger adults had a higher intake of meat, cereals, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and sugar products than older individuals who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, dairy, fish, and lipids (mainly from olive oil). Adults do not meet the international dietary recommendations for the intake of several foods and macronutrients. Conclusions: The adult Greek population, especially younger people, has headed away from the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. These observations indicate potential detrimental consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality.

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Irrational beliefs trigger depression and anxiety symptoms, and associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress markers in the 10-year diabetes mellitus risk: the ATTICA epidemiological study

Vassou

Georgousopoulou

Chrysοhoou

et al. 2021

J Diabetes Metab Disord

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Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Greece. Results of the First National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO) study

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway

Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway

Today’s Mediterranean Diet in Greece: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey—HYDRIA (2013–2014)

Irrational beliefs trigger depression and anxiety symptoms, and associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress markers in the 10-year diabetes mellitus risk: the ATTICA epidemiological study

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