Prevalence of diabetes complications and associated comorbidities in the Family Medicine setting at the Mexican Institute of Social Security

Abstract

Introduction:The prevalence of chronic complications and comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide. Objective: To compare the prevalence of complications and chronic comorbidities in patients with T2D at 36 family medicine units of five chapters of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). Method: Complications (hypoglycemia, diabetic foot, kidney disease, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and heart failure) and comorbidities (liver disease, cancer and anemia) were identified according to codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Comparisons were made by chapter, age, and gender and evolution time. Results: Complications and comorbidities were more common in subjects aged ≥ 62 years. Out of 297 100 patients, 31.8% had any complication or comorbidity; microvascular complications (32 %) prevailed in the industrial North, whereas macrovascular complications (12.3 %) did in the rural East, and comorbidities (5 %) in southern Mexico City. Complications predominated in men (any complication, 30.2 %). Heart failure and comorbidities were more common in women (5.6 % and 4.9 %, respectively). Conclusions: T2D complications and comorbidities showed geographic and gender differences, and were greater with older age and longer evolution time. It is urgent for strategies for the prevention of complications and comorbidities to be reinforced in patients with T2D.

Cardiovascular risk factors in patients of diabetes mellitus – Integrative review

“…Furthermore, men had more complications, while women showed a higher incidence of heart failure and comorbidities. The study highlights the urgent need to reinforce strategies to prevent these complications, especially in patients with DM2 6,7,8 .…”

Entendiendo La Diabetes

“…Heridas que no sanan: Las heridas pueden tardar más tiempo en sanar debido a que el flujo sanguíneo puede estar comprometido y el sistema inmunológico puede estar debilitado. (10,12) Hormigueo o entumecimiento en las extremidades: La diabetes tipo 2 puede dañar los nervios, lo que puede causar hormigueo o entumecimiento en las extremidades, especialmente en los pies y las manos.…”

“…En general, si la diabetes tipo 2 se diagnostica y trata tempranamente, y se mantiene un buen control de los niveles de glucemia en sangre, el pronóstico es favorable y se puede reducir el riesgo de complicaciones a largo plazo, como enfermedad cardiovascular, neuropatía, nefropatía y retinopatía diabética. (12) Sin embargo, si la diabetes tipo 2 no se trata adecuadamente, o si se presentan complicaciones graves, el pronóstico puede empeorar significativamente. La diabetes tipo 2 se asocia con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente debido a enfermedades cardiovasculares.…”

“…Esta escala se basa en varios factores de riesgo, como la edad, el género, el colesterol, la presión arterial, el tabaquismo y la diabetes, entre otros. (12) Otra herramienta utilizada en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 es la Escala de Riesgo de UKPDS (siglas en inglés para el estudio Prospectivo de la Diabetes del Reino Unido), se utiliza para evaluar el riesgo de complicaciones micro y macrovasculares en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Se basa en factores de riesgo específicos de la diabetes, como duración de la enfermedad, edad al diagnóstico, la hemoglobina A1c y la presencia de albuminuria.…”

Microbial abscesses in the posterior neck region in a decompensated diabetic patient

“…The persistent imbalance of the metabolic state of diabetic patients determines different chronic complications, of which the following are the most noteworthy: angiopathies, neuropathis, retinopathies and nephropathies; these disorders lead to advanced stages of organ deterioration with consequent dysfunctioning and permanent damage 1,2 . This lack of control is directly responsible for the loss of years of healthy life (HLY) 3,4 , in addition to the enormous expense incurred by health systems and family pockets 5 .…”