Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: Application of Two-level Logistic Regression Model

Abstract

this study intends to explore the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated factors in Bangladesh. the necessary information was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011. In bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between selected covariates and diabetes status. A two-level logistic regression model with a random intercept at each of the individual and regional level was considered to identify the risk factors of DM. A total of 7,535 individuals were included in this study. From the univariate analysis, the prevalence of DM was found to be 33.3% in 50-54 age group for instance. In bivariate setup, all the selected covariates except sex of the participants were found significant for DM (p < 0.05). According to the two-level logistic regression model, the chance of occurring DM increases as age of the participants' increases. It was observed that female participants were more likely to have DM. The occurrence of DM was 62% higher for higher educated participants, 42% higher for the individuals who came from rich family and 63% higher for the individuals having hypertension. The chance of developing diabetes among overweighed people was almost double. However, the individuals engaged in physical work had less chance to have DM. this study calls for greater attention of government and other concerned entities to come up with appropriate policy interventions to lower the risk of DM. The epidemic of the century-Diabetes Mellitus (DM), often referred as simply diabetes, is a set of metabolic disorder or syndrome recognized as chronic hyperglycemia (presence of high blood sugar) occurs due to imperfections in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both 1,2. It is now prevalent across the world with multiple complications 3-5. In 2014, around 422 million people were affected by DM and 1.5 million deaths were reported in 2012 6,7. According to WHO report, 2016, 8% (12.88 million) of total population of Bangladesh was affected by diabetes whereas 3% of total deaths of all-ages occurred due to diabetes 8. An increasing rate in the prevalence of DM among the Bangladeshi populace is also observed over time 9. Diabetes may result in a wide range of physiological as well as psychological problems including sexual disorder 10. The lower sexual functions or dysfunctions termed as loss of libido may be observed in both females and males as a consequence of DM 11-18. In addition, severe vision loss, acute renal diseases which may require dialysis or kidney transplant, myocardial infarction otherwise known as heart attack, cerebrovascular diseases like stroke, and hypertension are markedly observed 19-27. Due to the intensity of the adverse effects of diabetes, it is important to find out the determinants to address the issue in order to contribute to improving country health situation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that relies on many factors and may vary over time and region. Accordingly, it requires to be screened on a constant basis. Previously, man...

Prevalence of and factors associated with non-communicable diseases among Bangladeshi adults: investigation from nationally surveyed data

“…As found in the previous literatures [29,54], present study found that people involved in any type of work were at reduced risk of diabetes and comorbidity. Involving in work increases the physical activity and several studies found a negative association between moderate/higher levels of physical activities and chronic diseases [55,56].…”

The Causes of Non-Compliance to Treatment Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…In the current study, we noticed that the number of females who participate in the study slightly exceeds the number of males, and this may be related to the fact that females are generally more than males in our country [19] or were more interested in participation rather than males. Even there was no definite difference between both sexes in the prevalence of DM, previous studies found a significant increase in the prevalence of DM among women relative to men, and this also can explain the higher percentage of females in our sample [20,21]. The majority of the patients were overweight and obese because it is a known risk factor for type 2 DM.…”

Investigate the Effect of Diabetes on Hypertension based on Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey, 2017-18

“…The physical activity variable was not directly available in BDHS, 2017-18. For this reason, the occupation type was used as a proxy variable for measuring physical activity [24]. A respondent was considered physically active if his/her work liability includes physical activity related works; otherwise they were physically inactive [24].…”

“…For this reason, the occupation type was used as a proxy variable for measuring physical activity [24]. A respondent was considered physically active if his/her work liability includes physical activity related works; otherwise they were physically inactive [24]. The physically active group consisted of farmer; agricultural worker; sherman; cattle raising, poultry raising; home based manufacturing; rickshaw driver, road building, brick breaking, construction worker; domestic servant; and factory worker, on the contrarily, the physically inactive group consisted of not working; land owner; carpenter, tailor; doctor, nurse, dentist, lawyer, accountant, teacher; businessman; unemployed/student; and retired person.…”