Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Alaskan Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts

Schraer, Cynthia D; Lanier, Anne P.; Boyko, Edward J.; Gohdes, Dorothy; Murphy, Neil

doi:10.2337/diacare.11.9.693

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eskimo women have been reported to be 1.6-2.5 times more likely than men to have diabetes [4,6], findings consistent with the twofold higher prevalence of diabetes in GOCADAN women compared with men. A higher prevalence of diabetes in women than men has also been observed in African-American and Hispanic populations [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A 1985 study reported a 4.0% prevalence of WHO diabetes among Inupiat Eskimos in the Norton Sound region, the same area in which the GOCADAN Study is being conducted [4]. Similarly, the Alaska-Siberia Project, which was conducted in 1994 using protocols very similar to those in GOCADAN, found the prevalence of WHO diabetes in the Bering Strait region of Alaska to be 2.8% among Central Yupik, 3.7% among Inupiat and 9.6% among Siberian Yupik [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports from the 1960s show a slight increase in prevalence to 1.4/1,000 [2,3]. A review of 1,607 medical records of Alaska Natives from 1979 to 1985 identified nearly 600 Eskimos, Indians and Aleuts who met the 1985 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for type 2 diabetes [4]. The age-adjusted diabetes prevalence of 15.7/1,000 varied considerably by ethnic group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in Alaska Eskimos: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study

Carter

MacCluer

Dyke³

et al. 2005

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to: (1) define the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IFG in Eskimos in Norton Sound, Alaska; (2) determine correlates of prevalent diabetes in this population; and (3) compare the prevalence of diabetes in the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) Study with other samples of Eskimos, Inuit, American Indians and US blacks, whites and Mexican Americans. Methods: The GOCADAN Study enrolled 1,214 participants ≥18 years who were members of extended pedigrees from the Norton Sound region of Alaska. Diagnosed type 2 diabetes was based on reported use of insulin or hypoglycaemic medications and a medication inventory. Fasting glucose measurements were obtained to ascertain IFG status and undiagnosed diabetes according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. OGTTs were performed to ascertain diabetes according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. We used logistic regression analysis to model factors that were significantly associated with odds of prevalent ADA diabetes. Results: The prevalences of ADA diabetes and IFG were 3.8% (5.0% of women; 2.2% of men) and 15.6% (13.9% of women; 17.7% of men), respectively. In the subset of 787 participants who took the OGTT, the prevalences of ADA and WHO diabetes were 5.1 and 6.9%, respectively. The adjusted odds of ADA diabetes was 2.8 times higher in participants meeting Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for abdominal obesity than in those who did not. The statistically significant sex-related difference in diabetes prevalence did not persist in multivariable analyses. Conclusions/interpretation: Alaska Eskimos have a low prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The high prevalence of IFG indicates that diabetes may become increasingly problematic in this population. Abdominal obesity in women may help explain why diabetes prevalence differs according to sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in Alaska Eskimos: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study

Carter

MacCluer

Dyke³

et al. 2005

Diabetologia

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“…[23][24][25][26] Within Alaska, the lowest prevalence rates of diabetes have been found among the Yupik people of Western Alaska. 27,28 However, the rates of diabetes have been increasing in all American Indian and Alaska Native populations, and the rate of increase has been largest for Alaska. 25 The Alaska Area Diabetes program also has found METABOLIC SYNDROME IN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE PEOPLE 271…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native People Living in the Southwestern United States and in Alaska

Schumacher

Ferucci

Lanier

et al. 2008

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: Metabolic syndrome occurs commonly in the United States. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among American Indian and Alaska Native people. Methods: We measured the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, among four groups of American Indian and Alaska Native people aged 20 years and older. One group was from the southwestern United States (Navajo Nation), and three groups resided within Alaska. Prevalence rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. adult 2000 population and compared to rates for U.S. whites (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] 1988[NHANES] -1994. Results: Among participants from the southwestern United States, metabolic syndrome was found among 43.2% of men and 47.3% of women. Among Alaska Native people, metabolic syndrome was found among 26.5% of men and 31.2% of women. In Alaska, the prevalence rate varied by region, ranging among men from 18.9% (western Alaska) to 35.1% (southeast), and among women from 22.0% (western Alaska) to 38.4 % (southeast). Compared to U.S. whites, American Indian/Alaska Native men and women from all regions except western Alaska were more likely to have metabolic syndrome; men in western Alaska were less likely to have metabolic syndrome than U.S. whites, and the prevalence among women in western Alaska was similar to that of U.S. whites. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome varies widely among different American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Differences paralleled differences in the prevalence rates of diabetes.

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“…Several studies have shown signi®cant differences between the Inuit and American or European White populations with regard to risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in particular differences in plasma lipids and a lower prevalence of diabetes among the Inuit (Bang & Dyerberg, 1981;Schraer et al, 1988;Young et al, 1992Young et al, , 1993Young et al, , 1995Bjerregaard et al, 1997). Genetic factors, diet and other environmental factors are likely to play a role in the observed differences in plasma lipids and diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations of a marine diet with plasma lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity among the Inuit in Greenland

2000

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Objective: To analyse the associations between the intake of ®sh and marine mammals and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, ie lipid pro®le, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity, in a population whose average consumption of n-3 fatty acids is high compared with Western countries. Design: Information was obtained from a population survey in Greenland: interview data, clinical data and fasting blood samples were obtained from a random sample of Inuit from three towns and four villages. Subjects: Two-hundred and ®fty-nine adult Inuit (74% of the sample). Results: Marine diet was positively associated with serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood glucose and inversely with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride. Association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, waist ± hip ratio and body mass index were inconsistent and not statistically signi®cant. The pattern was similar within groups with low, medium and high consumption of marine food. Conclusions: There are statistically signi®cant associations between the consumption of marine food and certain lipid fractions in the blood also in this population with a very high average intake of marine food. The observation that blood glucose is positively associated with marine diet in a population survey is new and should be repeated. There was good agreement between the results for the reported consumption of seal and those for the biomarkers.

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Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Alaskan Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in Alaska Eskimos: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study

Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in Alaska Eskimos: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study

Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native People Living in the Southwestern United States and in Alaska

The associations of a marine diet with plasma lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure and obesity among the Inuit in Greenland

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