Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: The All India Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Screening Study 2014

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients across the nation and attempt to establish history-based risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study of diabetic patients was conducted as an initiative of the All India Ophthalmological Society from 14th November to 21st November 2014. Known diabetics were evaluated voluntarily by members of the society at 194 centers using a structured protocol provided by the society for examination. The results were evaluated to ascertain the prevalence of DR in the population studied and to establish relation with gender, age, and history-based risk factors such as duration of diabetes, insulin use, and other end-organ disease using the Chi-square test.Results:A total of 6218 known diabetics were screened. Totally, 5130 data entry forms were considered suitable for further evaluation. About 61.2% were males, 88.6% were between 40 and 80 years of age, almost two-thirds of the patients were from the west and south zones, and over half had diabetes more than 5 years. The data set was predominantly urban 84.7% and 46.1% had no family history. DR prevalence in the entire data set was 21.7%. Prevalence was more in males (P = 0.007), diabetics more than 5 years (P = 0.001), those above 40 years (P = 0.01), insulin users (P = 0.001), and history of vascular accidents (P = 0.0014). Significantly 22.18% of patients detected with DR had a vision of 6/18 or better in the worse eye.Conclusion:The study reiterated the findings of earlier regional studies on a pan Indian scale and put data in perspective.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy among in-patients Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study Conducted in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar

“…But some studies have suggested that South Asians are more likely to have DR as compared to white Europeans, but Asians with DR are younger, the course of disease is short, blood pressure and plasma sugar level are higher [9]. Although there is no ethnic difference among Asian countries, [10] the prevalence observed in our study is far higher than in other Asian countries such as India (21.7%) [11] and Bangladesh (21.6%) [12] but lower than Singapore(35%) [13]. These differences among studies may be caused by the type of study population, the sample size, age of the patients, different methods of fundus evaluation and the average levels of various variables.…”

“…Cr.) were studied in various literatures [3,8,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16]. There is 29 times higher risk to develop blindness due to diabetic retinopathy than non-diabetic of similar age and gender [4].…”

Comparative study of post-operative visual outcome and complications after small incision cataract surgery in patients of diabetic and non-diabetic patients of cataract

“…In present study there were 20 cases (55.5%) having NPDR, 9 cases (25%) have PDR, and 7 cases (19.3%) with diabetic maculopathy. The prevalence in the AIOS study was 21.27% with a range of 12.27% in the central zone and 34.06% in the north zone in India [7]. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated up to 18% in urban population of India [8].…”

Role of biochemical markers in type 2 diabetic patients of cataract and retinopathy attending Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Indore (M.P)

“…According to WHO 70 million people were affected by diabetes in India in the year 2015 and the figure is estimated to rise to 79.4 million by 2030. 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by defects in insulin secretion, action or both. 2 There are mainly three types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes including a related condition called pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes.…”