Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study, I

Mohan, Rema; Premkumar, Sundaram; Balaji, Anitha; Deepa, R; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Mohan, Viswanathan

doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0019

Cited by 459 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Overall, prevalence of DR in hospital based studies [7,11], including present study was higher as compared to those in population based epidemiological studies [8,12,13]. This observation may be attributed to the fact that there was a referral bias among the diabetic patients who were reported to tertiary care centres.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Raman et al, found a prevalence of 18% in diabetic population, whereas Agrawal RP et al, found a prevalence of 28.9% in type 2 diabetic population [6,7]. Although various population and hospital based studies have been conducted in northern [7] and southern [8] parts of India to estimate the prevalence of DR in type 2 diabetic population, there is a paucity in the literature regarding the prevalence of DR in western India. With above context, a hospitalbased, cross-sectional study was designed to find out prevalence of DR and effect of duration of diabetes on severity of DR in western Indian, type 2 diabetic population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Ramavat¹

2013

JCDR

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Context: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) can be defined as a damage which is caused to microvasculature in the retina by prolonged hyperglycaemia. Various studies have been conducted in south India, to find out prevalence of DR. It remains a less explored domain among type 2 diabetic patients in western India.Objectives: (1) To assess prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM in western Indian population. and (2) To find out effect of duration of diabetes on severity of DR in this population.Study Design: A hospital -based, cross -sectional study. Material and Methods:A total of 168 patients with type 2 DM underwent detailed opthalmoscopic examinations for DR. The ETDRS classification was followed to categorize retinopathy in different stages. Results:We observed that overall, prevalence of DR in type 2 patients of western India was 33.9%. Prevalences of nonproliferative DR and proliferative DR were 25.5% and 8.33% respectively. Statistically significant differences (p value<0.05) were observed between prevalences of DR in each group of patients which was classified, and duration of diabetes. Prevalence of CSME (clinically significant macular oedema) was 6.5%. Associated hypertension showed a statistically significant (p value<0.05%), higher prevalence of DR. Conclusion:This study concluded that prevalence of DR in type 2 DM patients of western India was 33.9% and that it increased with duration of diabetes. Associated hypertension is a risk factor for development of

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Ramavat¹

2013

JCDR

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“…5 Population data on micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes are available in urban India. [6][7][8][9][10] However, such data were not available in rural India. This is largely because in rural areas, diabetes remains a neglected field, as awareness levels and accessibility to diabetes health care remains woefully inadequate.…”

Section: Symposiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Tele-diabetology to Screen for Diabetes and Associated Complications in Rural India

Mohan

Prathiba

Pradeepa

2014

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Diabetes, with its acute and long-term complications, has become a major health hazard in developing countries. An estimated 62.4 million people in India have diabetes. With increasing urbanization and industrialization, we can expect huge numbers of people with diabetes in India in the future. Moreover, all diabetes efforts in India are currently focused in urban areas while 70% of India's population actually lives in rural areas. The current statistics demonstrates that urgent interventions are mandatory to curb the epidemic of diabetes and its complications at the grassroots level. This gap in providing diabetes care can be nullified by the use of tele-diabetology. This holds great potential to overcome barriers and improve quality and access to diabetes care to remote, underserved areas of developing counties. The Chunampet Rural Diabetes Prevention Project (CRDPP) has been developed and tested as a successful model for screening and delivering diabetes care to rural areas in developing countries. Using a tele-diabetology mobile van loaded with appropriate equipment, trained technicians, and satellite technology helped us to screen for diabetes and its complications and deliver diabetes care to remote villages in southern India. The Chunampet model can be applied in reaching out to remote areas where specialized diabetes care facilities may not be available.

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“…7 Globally, DM is the leading cause of blindness, especially in developing countries. 8,9 Hyperglycemia, glycation of hemoglobin, and duration of diabetes disease are among multiple factors involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). 9,10 In addition, retinal ischemia and OS are important processes in developing DR. Of much importance, it has been reported that hyperglycemia per se lead to increased generation of FRs and OS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of FPG, A1C and disease duration with protein markers of oxidative damage and antioxidative defense in type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy

Reddy

Sethi

Gupta

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the role of protein oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in relationship to hyperglycemia measured as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and duration of disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This study recruited 23 nondiabetic subjects, 16 DM patients without any complications and 18 DR patients. The serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. The IMA results were corrected for serum albumin. Between-group differences were studied by analysis of variance and betweenvariable associations were studied by Spearman's and partial correlations. Results IMA and cIMA values were elevated, whereas GSH was decreased in both patient groups vs controls (Po0.05), and the increase in IMA formation is not related to serum albumin changes. DR patients have much severe oxidative stress (OS) status with high IMA and cIMA, and low GSH than in the DM group (Po0.05). Both FPG and A1C levels were positively associated with IMA in DM group, while in the DR group, duration of disease too had a positive association with IMA. The antioxidant GSH had negative correlations with FPG (r = − 0.52, P = 0.02) and IMA (r = − 0.49, P = 0.03) in the DR group. Partial correlation analyses predicted mutual or independent associations among parameters. Conclusions Severe OS in DR has been associated with increased FPG, A1C, and disease duration. Both hyperglycemia and elevated oxidative damage detected as IMA are collectively associated with depleted GSH status. Our study unravels the need for monitoring of OS in addition to standard glycemic management in DR.

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Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study, I

Cited by 459 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Tele-diabetology to Screen for Diabetes and Associated Complications in Rural India

Associations of FPG, A1C and disease duration with protein markers of oxidative damage and antioxidative defense in type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy

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