Prevalence of DNA of Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,’ Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and species of Bartonella, Neorickettsia, and Ehrlichia in cats used as blood donors in the United States

Hackett, Timothy B.; Jensen, Wayne A.; Lehman, Tracy L.; Hohenhaus, Anne E; Crawford, P. Cynda; Giger, Urs; Lappin, Michael R.

doi:10.2460/javma.229.5.700

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…(hemoplasmas, formerly classified as Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon spp.) (4,12,28,29) appear to have coevolved with animals, including dogs, cats, humans, alpacas, capybaras, and sea lions (1,10,13,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). The development of molecular assays, which target primarily the 16S rRNA gene of these microbes, has resulted in the more recent recognition of several novel animal hemoplasmas (5,12,37,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2013

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Here, we report latent infections with Bartonella quintana and a hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in a research colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Sequence alignments, evolutionary analysis, and signature nucleotide sequence motifs of the hemotropic Mycoplasma 16S rRNA and RNase P genes indicate the presence of a novel organism. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) are obligate epierythrocytic bacteria that infect numerous animal species, including Homo sapiens. Infections are often chronic and subclinical; however, some animals and humans develop hemolytic anemia, particularly when stressed or immunosuppressed (1, 2). Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences have defined two major subclusters of hemoplasmas, namely, the Mycoplasma haemosuis and Mycoplasma haemofelis groups (3-7).Historically, diagnosis of hemoplasma infections has relied on cytological examination of stained blood smears. In 1994, Dillberger and colleagues described Haemobartonella-like parasites in five wild-caught anemic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that originated from the Philippines; however, the organisms were not characterized phylogenetically (8). For some animal species, the diagnostic sensitivity of a blood smear examination is very poor and unspecific (3, 4, 9). The development of molecular assays, primarily targeting the 16S rRNA and the RNase P genes of these cell wall-deficient uncultivable microbes, has resulted in the recent recognition of several novel animal hemoplasmas (4, 5, 10-13).Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that also infect erythrocytes in numerous animal species, including Homo sapiens. Previously, Bartonella quintana DNA was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from lysed erythrocytes, and cultured colonies were grown from peripheral blood collected from a captivebred cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) (14). Bartonella quintana was subsequently isolated from 2 of 36 captive rhesus macaques in China, of which 12 of 33 were B. quintana seroreactive (15).Hemotropic Mycoplasma and Bartonella organisms often cause persistent occult infection in immunocompetent hosts. The extent to which an infection with these bacteria in cynomolgus monkeys involved in a research study might influence assessments or outcomes associated with drug development studies is poorly characterized. This report describes PCR amplification and DNA sequence characterization of a novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. found in the blood of 44 of 52 cynomolgus research monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and the isolation of Bartonella quintana from one monkey. These animals were in a chronic toxicity study, and data from the pretest phase of the study are presented. The animals were tested for Mycoplasma and Bartonella on the basis of the findings in a previous toxicity study that raised the possibility of latent infections. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA and RNase P gene sequences, we propose "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque" as the name for the novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. identified in this ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2013

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“…Currently, there is no treatment that effectively clears the microorganisms from an infected host. Chronic infection is well recognized and even in pet cats showing no clinical signs, the prevalence of M. haemofelis infection may be as high as 4% [8]. While transmission of M. haemofelis from an infected cat to a human host has been reported [9], it appears to be a rare event and likely requires immune suppression ([10], Santos AP, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of Mycoplasma haemofelis, unraveling its strategies for survival and persistence

Santos

Guimarães

Nascimento

et al. 2011

Vet Res

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Mycoplasma haemofelis is a mycoplasmal pathogen (hemoplasma) that attaches to the host's erythrocytes. Distributed worldwide, it has a significant impact on the health of cats causing acute disease and, despite treatment, establishing chronic infection. It might also have a role as a zoonotic agent, especially in immunocompromised patients. Whole genome sequencing and analyses of M. haemofelis strain Ohio2 was undertaken as a step toward understanding its survival and persistence. Metabolic pathways are reduced, relying on the host to supply many of the nutrients and metabolites needed for survival. M. haemofelis must import glucose for ATP generation and ribose derivates for RNA/DNA synthesis. Hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine, uracil and CMP are scavenged from the environment to support purine and pyrimidine synthesis. In addition, nicotinamide, amino acids and any vitamins needed for growth, must be acquired from its environment. The core proteome of M. haemofelis contains an abundance of paralogous gene families, corresponding to 70.6% of all the CDSs. This "paralog pool" is a rich source of different antigenic epitopes that can be varied to elude the host's immune system and establish chronic infection. M. haemofelis also appears to be capable of phase variation, which is particularly relevant to the cyclic bacteremia and persistence, characteristics of the infection in the cat. The data generated herein should be of great use for understanding the mechanisms of M. haemofelis infection. Further, it will provide new insights into its pathogenicity and clues needed to formulate media to support the in vitro cultivation of M. haemofelis.

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“…The individual CMhm and CMt prevalences were similar to previous Brazilian studies Macieira et al, 2008;Miceli et al, 2013;Santis et al, 2014;Santos et al, 2009), however the Mhf prevalence was higher than those previously reported in RS , MA and MT (Miceli et al, 2013). As would be expected, the individual prevalence figures found in our study were lower than those in international studies where only cats attending veterinary practitioners (Jenkins et al, 2013;Lobetti and Lappin, 2012;Spada et al, 2014;Sykes et al, 2007) or cats with a clinical suspicion of haemoplasmosis (Jenkins et al, 2013;Lobetti and Lappin, 2012;Spada et al, 2014;Sykes et al, 2007) were sampled; but higher than those found in clinically normal cats used as blood donors (Hackett et al, 2006). These differences in prevalence may reflect variations in the groups of cats studied and the risk factors for haemoplasma infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Conforme esperado, as prevalências encontradas neste estudo foram menores do que aquelas encontradas em estudos internacionais que amostraram gatos pacientes de clinicas veterinárias ou com suspeita de hemoplasmose (Jenkins et al, 2013;Lobetti e Lappin, 2012;Spada et al, 2014;Sykes et al, 2007); mas as prevalências do presente estudo foram maiores do que aquelas encontradas em gatos clinicamente saudáveis usados como doadores de sangue (Hackett et al, 2006).…”

Section: As Prevalências Individuais De Cmhm E Cmt Foram Similares Aqunclassified

Estudo das infecções por hemoplasmas em cães e gatos domésticos

Aquino¹

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vii AGRADECIMENTOSMeu maior obrigada a minha mãe, Lourdes, por ser não só mãe, mas também pai, amiga, torcedora, guerreira e porto seguro. Ela é meu principal exemplo de ser humano. Dedico e ofereço a ela todas minhas conquistas.Muito obrigada por ser minha maior incentivadora e, principalmente, por acreditar na minha capacidade, até quando eu mesma não acredito.Obrigada ao meu marido Darien por ser grande exemplo de otimismo, bondade e força, por me apoiar incondicionalmente e acreditar em mim.Obrigada pela vida que decidimos trilhar juntos e por tanto amor! Obrigada vó Diva, minha segunda mãe, pelos cuidados e orações.Elas têm funcionado! Obrigada aos meus irmãos, Eduardo, Marlos e Rovena, por toda oportunidade de aprendizado, por serem exemplos tão diferentes e se preocuparem comigo. Aos meus sobrinhos Guilherme e Felipe, que em tão pouco tempo já conquistaram tanto amor em nossos corações e pelas fofuras diárias! Obrigada pela amizade verdadeira, Patrícia, Bruna e Daniela! E por me ensinarem em todos os momentos de convívio e pelo apoio incondicional a qualquer hora! Obrigada Tatiana por todo apoio moral, técnico e intelectual de sua mente brilhante! Obrigada pela paciência e pelas inúmeras ajudas! Obrigada aos colegas de laboratório por toda ajuda e apoio.Meus agradecimentos a minha orientadora, Giane, pela oportunidade oferecida e pela orientação ao longo de tantos anos. Obrigada por ter acreditado no que eu podia oferecer e pela liberdade que tive ao longo dessa pesquisa.Obrigada à CAPES pelo apoio financeiro para que eu pudesse me dedicar exclusivamente a pesquisa e para que eu realizasse o doutorado viii sanduíche na Universidade de Bristol. Obrigada à FAPDF por financiar a apresentação desse projeto em congressos internacionais.Por fim, sou muito grata ao que o doutorado me proporcionou:conhecimento, descobertas, oportunidades e novos horizontes! Espero que esse conteúdo possa contribuir de alguma forma àqueles que se interessam pelas hemoplasmoses. ' (CMhp) are the most prevalent. The aims of the present study were to determine the occurrence and the phylogeny of haemoplasma species from cats in Brasilia and surrounding cities and from dogs in Nigeria, Africa; and assess weather any correlation existed between haemoplasma infection and haematological abnormalities. Blood samples were collected from 451 cats in different origins of Brasília, DF and from 246 dogs from Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; submitted to erythrocyte evaluation and DNA extraction for PCR analysis and sequencing. In the cats study, haemoplasmas were found in 13.8% of 432 cats. CMhm was the most prevalent species (in 13.8% of cats), followed by Mhf (11.1%) and CMt (4.4%). Over 80% of haemoplasma-infected cats harboured two or more feline haemoplasma species: 7.1% of cats were coinfected with Mhf/CMhm, 0.4% with CMhm/CMt and 3.9% with Mhf/CMhm/CMt. Male gender was significantly associated with haemoplasma infections. No association was found between qPCR haemoplasma status and haematological variables, however CMhm relative copy nu...

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Prevalence of DNA of Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,’ Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and species of Bartonella, Neorickettsia, and Ehrlichia in cats used as blood donors in the United States

Abstract: When community-source cats, cats allowed outdoors, or cats exposed to fleas are to be used as blood donors, they should be regularly assessed for infection with M haemofelis, 'Candidatus M haemominutum,' and Bartonella spp, and flea-control treatment should be regularly provided.

Cited by 46 publications

References 44 publications

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Genome of Mycoplasma haemofelis, unraveling its strategies for survival and persistence

Estudo das infecções por hemoplasmas em cães e gatos domésticos

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