Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Hong Kong Chinese Women Presenting with Urinary Symptoms

Paulin, Wai Sze; Pun, Ting-Chung

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159367

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, this clinical feature is the main predictor within the pattern of diagnoses related to a potential violence by partner (orange community). This finding is coherent with the literature on domestic violence from other countries, focusing on the chronic dimension of violence which has a number of stress-related clinical outcomes such as genitourinary disease [32] or psychosomatic [33]. Traumatic event and/or chronic stress of domestic violence may cause also a wide range of psychological conditions from personality disorders (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Alcohol and substance abuse diagnoses, as expected from previous studies [5, 32–35], was found to be another strong predictor of violence. In fact, alcohol use in both victims and aggressors was found to be associated with more severe violence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Foreign women represent another high-risk group in our study, with risk even twice greater than Italian women. This could be explained by underlining cultural and social factors that could affect in a different way the perception of risk as well as the severity of the violence phenomenon [32]. A previous study on mortality from domestic violence showed that women born in countries with low gender equity levels had increased risks of mortality, thus suggesting lack of empowerment as an exacerbating factor [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social network analysis to characterize women victims of violence

et al. 2019

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Background In Europe, it is estimated that one third of women had experienced at least one physical or sexual violence after their 15. Taking into account the severe health consequences, the Emergency Department (ED), may offer an opportunity to recognize when an aggression is part of the spectrum of violence. This study applies Social Network analysis (SNA) to ED data in the Lazio region with the objective to identify patterns of diagnoses, within all the ED accesses of women experiencing an aggression, that are signals for gender-based violence against women. We aim to develop a risk assessment tool for ED professionals in order to strength their ability to manage victims of violence. Methods A cohort of 124,691 women aged 15–70 with an ED visit for aggression between 2003 and 2015 was selected and, for each woman, the ED history of diagnoses and traumas was reconstructed. SNA was applied on all these diagnoses and traumas, including also 9 specific violence diagnoses. SNA community detection algorithms and network centrality measures were used to detect diagnostic patterns more strongly associated to violence. A logistic model was developed to validate the capability of these patterns to predict the odds for a woman of having an history of violence. Model results were summed up into a risk chart. Results Among women experiencing an aggression, SNA identified four communities representing specific violence-related patterns of diagnoses. Diagnoses having a central role in the violence network were alcohol or substance abuse, pregnancy-related conditions and psychoses. These high-risk violence related patterns accounted for at most 20% of our cohort. The logistic model had good predictive accuracy and predictive power confirming that diagnosis patterns identified through the SNA are meaningful in the violence recognition. Conclusions Routine ED data, analyzed using SNA, can be a first-line warning to recognize when an aggression related access is part of the spectrum of gender-based violence against women. Increasing the available number of predictors, such procedures may be proven to support ED staff in identifying early signs of violence to adequately support the victims and mitigate the harms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6797-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social network analysis to characterize women victims of violence

et al. 2019

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“…Studies in Hong Kong showed that the prevalence of domestic violence directed against women ranged from 10.4 to 15.7% [ 1 , 2 ]. These figures are lower than the global prevalence of around 25% [ 3 ], including that in the U.S. [ 4 ] Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, emotional and sexual harm to the spouse/partner [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that facilitate recognition and management of domestic violence by primary care physicians in a Chinese context - a mixed methods study in Hong Kong

et al. 2020

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Background Domestic violence is common in the community. Many of its victims present to primary care physicians (PCPs) but are not being recognized and managed. The barriers, with specific reference to a Chinese cultural context, were investigated earlier. This paper explored the factors which facilitated the process of recognizing and managing suspected cases of domestic violence by PCPs in Hong Kong. Methods Four focus group interviews were conducted to explore in-depth the experiences of PCPs in recognition, management and referral of domestic violence cases from which facilitators were identified. The relevant themes were then investigated in a questionnaire survey with 504 PCPs working in public and private sectors. Results The focus group participants emphasized mood symptoms as useful indicators for probable abuse and continuity of care was important to unmask issues of domestic violence. The top facilitators perceived by the respondents of the survey included: a trusting doctor-patient relationship (99.8%), good communication skills (99.0%), patients’ unexplained bruises (96.3%), medical history (94.6%), and mood symptoms (94.4%). Further, the survey found that PCPs with longer years of practice, a medical degree obtained from Western countries, and postgraduate training in family counselling or psychological medicine perceived more facilitators in managing domestic violence. Conclusions Without a local screening policy and training protocol to manage domestic violence, PCPs regarded their skills in mental healthcare and good relationships with patients as the key facilitators. While training in mental health care helps PCPs manage domestic violence, a specific protocol emphasizing medical-social collaboration is anticipated to facilitate them to take a more proactive and effective stance from screening to management.

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“…As most women are reluctant to actively disclose experiences of being abused due to fears and concerns about the consequences of disclosure (Ma & Pun, 2016), universal or targeted screening for DV among female patients has been promoted in some countries such as the United States and Israel (Daoud et al, 2019). Patients might be screened (with the use of a questionnaire) or asked by doctors and/or nurses for DV issues (O'Doherty et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Domestic Violence by Primary Care Physicians in Hong Kong: Association With Barriers, Attitudes, Training, and Practice Background

Sun

Lam

Piterman

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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While primary care physicians (PCPs) have opportunities to recognize patients who encounter domestic violence (DV) by intimate partners, warning symptoms such as unexplained physical injury, bruising, anxiety, and depression are often missed during clinic visits. This study investigated the barriers of Hong Kong PCPs toward managing DV, including recognition, management, and referrals of these patients. Four focus group interviews were conducted to explore the in-depth opinions of PCPs on managing DV in Hong Kong. The themes identified were investigated in a questionnaire survey with data from 504 PCPs working in public and private sectors. Factor analysis of the survey data suggested four major barrier factors: (a) worries about the potential harms of intervening in patients’ domestic affairs and DV issues, (b) lack of guidelines and support services, (c) limited skills and time in managing DV, and (d) patients’ reluctance in disclosing DV issues. PCPs with more years of practice had more worries about intervening in domestic issues (Factor 1), while the younger PCPs tended to perceive limited skills and time in managing DV cases as barriers (Factor 3). PCPs working in the public setting were more likely to ask patients about DV ( M = 5.4 vs. 2.9), suspected DV ( M = 3.8 vs. 2.3), and managed DV ( M = 1.7 vs. 1.0) in the past 5 years compared with the private PCPs. Some PCPs in the focus groups expressed the view that DV cases should be handled by social workers instead of doctors. Survey respondents who held such views about doctors’ limited role in DV management also scored higher in all of the barrier factors. The findings suggest that there are boundaries between domestic and medical realms, especially in a Chinese context. Resolving PCPs’ worries by training, provision of DV management guidelines, and referral pathway to social workers may be good starting points to bridge the gaps.

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Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Hong Kong Chinese Women Presenting with Urinary Symptoms

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Social network analysis to characterize women victims of violence

Social network analysis to characterize women victims of violence

Factors that facilitate recognition and management of domestic violence by primary care physicians in a Chinese context - a mixed methods study in Hong Kong

Management of Domestic Violence by Primary Care Physicians in Hong Kong: Association With Barriers, Attitudes, Training, and Practice Background

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