Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia and Pre-Diabetes Among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Do We Overestimate Cardiovascular Risk?

Abstract

Abstr AC tPCOS is widely accepted as associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, however, without convincing evidence of an increased cardiovascular mortality. We assessed prevalence of obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidaemia in 490 women with PCOS, aged 24.75 ± 8.05 years, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Fifty-two percent of women had BMI < 26 kg/m 2 , 81.8 % had total cholesterol < 200 mg/dl, 82.8 % had LDL cholesterol < 130 mg/dl (48.3 % < 100 mg/dl), 81.4 % had triglycerides < 150 mg/dl, 96.08 % had fasting glucose < 100 mg/dl, 90.3 % had glucose < 140 mg/dl at 120′ of OGTT. The most frequent abnormality was low HDL cholesterol, as only 33.9 % had LDL > 60 mg/dl. Combination of several risk factors related to dyslipidaemia was, however, relatively rare, for example, a combination of raised total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was present only in 2.9 % of subjects. An increase in BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose concentrations at 120′ of OGTT was more pronounced in women, who had raised concentrations of at least two androgens (n = 172, 35.1 %), yet there was no increase in insulin resistance parameters, that is, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McAuley, or Belfiore index. Contrary to common belief, over 50 % of women with PCOS have normal body weight, and with exception of lower HDL cholesterol, most have no significant dyslipidaemia or glucose intolerance. Women with normal or borderline abnormal androgens, who form the majority of PCOS subjects, seem to have more healthy metabolic profile. This might be one of the reasons for the absence of evidence of an increased CV mortality in women with PCOS.

The PCOS–NAFLD Multidisease Phenotype Occurred in Medaka Fish Four Generations after the Removal of Bisphenol A Exposure

“…The gonadotropins play a vital role in PCOS pathogenesis, and in the teleost, they regulate the vitellogenesis and final oocyte maturation/ovulation. 105,106 In the present study, lower levels of fshr mRNA and higher levels of lhr mRNA were detected in the ovary of BPA lineage fish than in the control. In teleost, gonadotropin receptor expression positively correlates with plasma hormone levels.…”

Study on the predictive effect of fibrinogen on vascular calcification

“…According to related studies, lipoprotein can regulate the initiation of VC, which is an important determinant in the progression of VC [2,16−19] . Low-density lipoprotein is more likely to cause VC, especially, the elevated level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [20][21][22] . Our results are consistent with previous studies.…”

“…12–16 Low-density lipoprotein is more likely to cause VC, especially, the elevated level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 17–19 But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has the inhibitory ability to VC. 6,20 As a controversial lipoprotein, the inhibitory effect of HDL on VC is mainly mediated by its role in cholesterol reverse transport, 21 a biological process that promotes the transfer of free cholesterol from the arterial wall back to the liver for reuse or excretion into bile.…”

Triglyceride-Glucose Index as A Crucial Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Insulin Resistance

“…(1) PCOS is frequently related to several multiple disorders, specifically insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism, which are accompanied by enduring long-term consequences such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. (2)(3)(4) IR is one of the most frequent characteristics of PCOS, with a prevalence varying from 35-80%. (5,6) IR is characterized by a reduced receptor response to insulin stimulation, which prevents target tissues from delivering glucose into cells, suppresses lipolysis, stimulates glycogen synthesis, and inhibits hepatic glucose.…”