Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a case‐control study in China

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a Chinese population. Patients and MethodsIn all, 550 histologically confirmed RCC cases and 570 controls, matched for age and sex were included. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were assessed before treatment using standard techniques. The lipid profiles were defined as 'normal' , 'borderline high' , 'high' and 'low' according to Chinese Guidelines on Adult Dyslipidaemia. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression in both unadjusted and adjusted models. ResultsAbnormal LDL elevation was common in RCC cases compared with controls (P < 0.001). Results for total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL levels between groups were insignificant. The OR for RCC for high levels of LDL (≥160 mg/dL) compared with those with a normal LDL profile was 4.675 (95% CI 1.900-11.500). After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol and triglyceride, the coexistence of high levels of LDL and RCC was large and statistically significant (OR 8.955,). There was a significant coexistence of RCC for participants with high LDL levels when subgroups of cases with clear cell subtypes and advanced T stages were compared with controls. ConclusionAbnormal LDL elevation was prevalent in Chinese patients with RCC. The results remain to be evaluated in prospective cohorts.

The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers

“…Their finding did not apply to patients with genetically reduced LDL cholesterol levels, which implies that low LDL cholesterol levels per se do not cause cancer. In contrast, a retrospective case–control study of patients with newly diagnosed sporadic RCC [ 88 ] reported an upward trend for the occurrence of advanced RCC with rising serum LDL levels. Elevated levels of LDL also frequently co-existed with the presence of clear-cell RCC.…”

“…Lipid disorders have been suggested to be involved in the pathomechanisms of various cancers, including oesophageal, colon, rectal, and renal cancers [ 86 , 87 ]. According to numerous studies, clear-cell renal cancer is also characterized by sterol storage in tumour cells resulting in alterations in lipid metabolism and consequently, in the formation and progression of RCC [ 1 , 88 ]. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood as the results of studies are sometimes conflicting.…”

Kidney cancer in Saudi Arabia

“…The role of dyslipidemia as a risk factor for kidney cancer is unclear and has been suggested by many studies. A study by Zhang et al21 in China showed that high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were frequent among kidney cancer patients and most common in those with clear cell kidney cancer.…”

Preoperative serum cholesterol is an independent prognostic factor for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

“…Zhang et al. recently showed in a case‐control study of Chinese subjects that abnormal LDL elevation is prevalent in patients with RCC. Although lipoprotein fractions were not available for the present study, they merit further investigation.…”

“…low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein impact the activity of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways and subsequently tumour proliferation, migration and invasion [23]. Zhang et al [24] recently showed in a case-control study of Chinese subjects that abnormal LDL elevation is prevalent in patients with RCC. Although We did not find a difference in cholesterol levels between the three major RCC subtypes.…”