Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for acute coronary syndrome. Dyslipidemiawith an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and decrease inhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for the acute coronary syndromeand alone account for more than 50% of population attributable risk. This study was conducted tofind out the prevalence of dyslipidemia.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 105 patients admitted at thetertiary care center with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from July 2018 to March 2019 afterapproval from the institutional review committee (Ref no. 205/2018). Fasting serum lipid profilewas obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization with the convenient sampling method. Data wereanalyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimation at95% Confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
 Results: Out of 105 people, dyslipidemia was present in 51 (48.6%). The mean age of the participantswas 59.19±12.69 years. The majority 81 (77.1%) were male. The mean total cholesterol, triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 183.43±35.9 mg/dl, 140.59±46.83 mg/dl, 109.9±26.38 mg/dl and 41.17±4.78 mg/dl respectively. High total cholesteroland triglyceride were found in 34 (32.4%) each, low high-density lipoprotein in 31 (29.5%) and highlow-density lipoprotein in 22 (21%). 
 Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndromeand commonly associated with other risk factors. Careful attention to its management may help toreduce further events.

Patterns of Dyslipidemia Among Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan

“…A recent study in Nepal observed an 88.1% prevalence of dyslipidemia [ 14 ]. A study reported that the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 48.6% which was quite low compared to our findings [ 11 ]. In Nepal, the prevalence of overall dyslipidemia was found to be 45.5% [ 15 ].…”

“…Dyslipidemia was found to be more common among male patients whereas the results of another study were dissimilar from our study that showed a statistically insignificant difference between male and female patients for dyslipidemia. The prevalence was 45.7% among male patients and 58.3% among female patients [ 11 ].…”

“…The least common ACS was NSTEMI with dyslipidemia. A recent study done to observe the patterns and prevalence of dyslipidemia among ACS patients showed that dyslipidemia was highly prevalent among patients with unstable angina at 64.3% followed by NSTEMI at 48.1% and STEMI at 45.3% [ 11 ]. The findings for the pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with various instances of ACS in the study were opposite to our results.…”

“…A recent study reported that among the patients with dyslipidemia, 70.0% of the patients had high LDL, and 34.0% of patients with non-elevated HDL [ 12 ]. Another study observed that the most common abnormality was a low HDL ratio of 60.8% [ 11 ]. Another study conducted on the South Asian population stated that a low level of HDL was the strongest abnormality compared to others for dyslipidemia [ 18 - 19 ].…”

“…Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for most common CVDs; TG/HDL is unidentified until spotted during the initial presentation with ACS [ 11 ]. This study is about patterns and prevalence of dyslipidemia among ACS patients.…”