Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among reproductive age group in Saudi Women

Bakhsh, Hanadi; Algenaimi, Eatedal; Aldhuwayhi, Raghad; AboWadaan, Maha

doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01654-9

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The diagnostic criteria of PD patients were: 1 childless, right-handed women between the ages of 16 and 30 years; 2 a regular menstrual cycle of 21–35 days; 3 a course of menstrual pain lasting longer than 6 months; 4 no receipt of medication or other treatment for menstrual cramps in the three months prior to participation in the study; 6 an average visual analogue score (VAS) of menstrual pain of greater than or equal to 40 (0 = no pain sensation, 100 = the worst pain sensation) in the three months prior to participation in the study. The exclusion criteria of PD patients included the presence of pelvic organic diseases; severe life-threatening disease; psychiatric disorder; a history of drug use, such as any oral contraceptives, analgesics or antidepressants within 6 months of participation in the study;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All HCs met the following criteria: 1 a pain score between 0 and 1 in VAS for the last 3 months. ; 2 presence of pelvic organic diseases; 3 no mental disorders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Meanwhile, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea is 7.7% with non-pathological dysmenorrhea. 2 There are several risk factors for PD, including biological, psychological, social, and lifestyle factors. [3][4][5] The main pathophysiology of PD comprises uterine ischemia modulated by prostaglandin synthesis, in association with other factors that affect pain perception and severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Long-Term Menstrual Pain on Large-Scale Brain Network in Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients

Yi¹,

Chen²,

Zhong³

et al. 2022

JPR

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Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological disease, characterized by crampy and suprapubic pain occurring with menses. Growing evidences demonstrated that PD patients were associated with abnormalities in brain function and structure. However, little is known regarding whether the large-scale brain network changes in PD patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term menstrual pain on large-scale brain network in PD patients using independent component analysis (ICA) method. Methods: Twenty-eight PD patients (female, mean age, 24.25±1.00 years) and twenty-eight healthy controls (HCs) (mean age, 24.46 ±1.31 years), closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. ICA was applied to extract the resting-state networks (RSNs) in two groups. Then, two-sample t-tests were conducted to investigate different intranetwork FCs within RSNs and interactions among RSNs between two groups. Results: Compared to the HC group, PD patients showed significant increased intra-network FCs within the auditory network (AN), sensorimotor network (SMN), right executive control network (RECN). However, PD patients showed significant decreased intranetwork FCs within ventral default mode network (vDMN) and salience network (SN). Moreover, FNC analysis showed increased VN-AN and decreased VN-SMN functional connectivity between two groups. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that PD patients had abnormal brain networks related to auditory, sensorimotor and higher cognitive network. Our results offer important insights into the altered large-scale brain network neural mechanisms of pain in PD patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All HCs met the following criteria: 1 a pain score between 0 and 1 in VAS for the last 3 months. ; 2 presence of pelvic organic diseases; 3 no mental disorders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Long-Term Menstrual Pain on Large-Scale Brain Network in Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients

Yi¹,

Chen²,

Zhong³

et al. 2022

JPR

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“…[5][6][7][8] The pathophysiology is related to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotrienes, the mediators of inflammation, during the shedding of the endometrium. 1,9 Prostaglandins cause pain by increasing contractions in the uterus. 10 These prostaglandins are also involved in enhancing vasoconstriction, which leads to uterine ischemia and the production of anaerobic metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of physical activity, body mass index and urinary levels of prostaglandin (PGF2α) with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents

Jusuf,

Octaviani,

Husain

et al. 2024

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and levels of prostaglandins (PGF2α) urine on the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.MethodsA total of 128 female students included in the study. The study was conducted from January to March 2023 using a cross‐sectional design. This study utilized the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and gynecological examination with ultrasonography. The urinary prostaglandin (PGF2α) was measured using the enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using the chi‐square test and logistic regression test.ResultsThe age range of the participants included in the study was 14–17, with a mean age of 15.85 ± 0.65. There was an correlation between physical activity, BMI, and urinary prostaglandin (PGF2α) levels with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, it revealed that underweight, and had a high urinary prostaglandin significant correlated to primary dysmenorrhea with odds ratio 4.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98–11.54) and 4.88 (95% CI 1.98–12.08), respectively. High physical activity and overweight was not associated with incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the correlation between physical activity, BMI, and levels of prostaglandins (PGF2α) in urine. A high level of urinary prostaglandin was found to be the most influential factor in the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. By addressing factors associated with dysmenorrhea in adolescents, healthcare professionals can potentially enhance well‐being by reducing menstrual pain and encouraging a healthy lifestyle to prevent dysmenorrhea.

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“…Dysmenorrhoea, characterised as painful cramping in the lower abdomen or back during menstrual bleeding, is the most common gynaecological condition, affecting 45%-95% of menstruating women globally. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Dysmenorrhoea can be classified as primary, which generally occurs shortly after menarche in the absence of other disease, or secondary, which may arise at any time and is associated with a disorder in the reproductive organs (e.g., endometriosis, fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease). 5,6 Symptoms of dysmenorrhoea typically include pain in the lower abdomen, pelvis, back and/or thighs and may also include systemic symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhoea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential treatment for reducing dysmenorrhoea pain: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

Snipe,

Brelis,

Kappas

et al. 2023

Nutrition & Dietetics

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AimThis systematic literature review with meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin levels and pain severity in women with dysmenorrhoea and identify adverse side effects.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE complete, CINAHL and AMED databases (PROSPERO CRD42022340371). Included studies provided omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a control in women with dysmenorrhoea and reported pain and/or prostaglandin levels. A random effects meta‐analysis with Cohen's d effect size (95% confidence interval) was performed in SPPS for studies that reported pain outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist.ResultsTwelve studies (n = 881 dysmenorrhoeal women) of predominantly neutral quality (83%) were included that provided daily supplementation of 300–1800 mg omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids over 2 or 3 months. Meta‐analysis (n = 8 studies) showed a large effect of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (d = −1.020, 95% confidence interval −1.53 to −0.51) at reducing dysmenorrhoea pain. No studies measured prostaglandin levels, 86% of studies measuring analgesic use showed a reduction with omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and few studies reported mild adverse side effects in individual participants.ConclusionsFindings suggest that daily supplementation of 300–1800 mg omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids over 2–3 months are generally well tolerated and reduces pain and analgesic use in women with dysmenorrhoea. However, the neutral quality of research is limited by methodological issues and the mechanism of action remains to be determined.

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Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among reproductive age group in Saudi Women

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Long-Term Menstrual Pain on Large-Scale Brain Network in Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients

The Effect of Long-Term Menstrual Pain on Large-Scale Brain Network in Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients

The influence of physical activity, body mass index and urinary levels of prostaglandin (PGF2α) with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents

Omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential treatment for reducing dysmenorrhoea pain: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

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