Prevalence of eczema between cesarean-born and vaginal-born infants within 1 year of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Eczema among adolescents in Kuwait: Prevalence, severity, sleep disturbance, antihistamine use, and risk factors

“…Moreover, our observation of an increased eczema prevalence among those who were delivered by a Cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery is supported by the finding of a meta-analysis of nine studies that reported the prevalence of eczema in Cesarean-born infants to be higher than in vaginal-born infants (pooled-OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.65). 41 This increased risk has been hypothesized to be related to the lack of exposure to maternal vaginal microbiota leading to long-term perturbations in the microbiota composition of newborns, which consequently may affect the development of the immune system. 42 , 43 Hence, the effect of Cesarean section delivery on allergic diseases development seems to be, at least partially, mediated through alternations in the microbiota.…”

The skin microbiome in pediatric atopic dermatitis and food allergy

“…A systematic review by Xiong et al. found that studies examining the link between mode of delivery and AD risk harboured significant heterogeneity that could be attributed to differences in country, study design and method of AD ascertainment 44 . No definite conclusions can thus be made about the impact of delivery mode on AD risk.…”

Vaginal delivery provides skin colonization resistance from environmental microbes in the NICU

“…2 Although reports vary, CS delivery has been associated with an increased risk of developing atopic dermatitis compared to VD in a recent large meta-analysis. 4 Additionally, variations in skin microbiome between infants delivered at different hospitals have been theorized to be due to variances in the microbes of the hospital environment. 2 Building on this, we hypothesized that the overall low skin microbial load in CS infants 5 would provide less resistance to acquisition and colonization by environmental bacteria when compared to VD infants.…”