Prevalence of Eimeria sp. in Broiler Poultry Houses with Positive and Negative Pressure Ventilation Systems in Southern Brazil

Balestrin, Patrícia Warzensaky Gottardo; Balestrin, Eder; Santiani, Fábio; Biezus, Giovana; Moraes, Julio Cezar; Casa, Mariana da Silva; Medeiros, Amanda Larissa Vicente; Casagrande, Renata Assis

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00044

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The prevalence of E. acervulina was 70.59%, for E. maxima 80.39%, and for E. tenella 53.59%. These species have also been reported in other studies [3,5,19,25,37,[58][59][60]. These results align with previous research indicating that E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella are commonly detected species worldwide [51,[61][62][63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, E. tenella and E. necatrix are considered the most pathogenic species [47,61,63]. The prevalence of E. necatrix was 52.20%, a higher value compared to other studies [6,19,47,59], while in other studies, some authors did not detect it [3,60]. The presence of E. necatrix is less likely in broiler chickens, but it is more common in older birds and in tropical regions [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, even in controlled-environment poultry houses in Brazil, with negative pressure ventilation, a prevalence of 87.5% for Eimeria spp. was reported [3,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Avian coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of significant importance in broiler chickens [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] with a high economic impact on the global poultry industry [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Several factors contribute to its persistence, such as the parasite's direct life cycle, lack of cross-protection in poultry houses, and ideal environmental conditions for oocyst sporulation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Cevallos-Gordon,

Molina,

Radman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Coccidiosis in chickens is a parasitic disease of economic importance for the poultry industry. In Ecuador, there is limited information regarding the prevalence of Eimeria spp. on commercial broiler farms. Therefore, a total of 155 poultry farms in the provinces of Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas were surveyed. The analysis of fresh fecal samples was conducted to determine the parasitic load of six of the seven chicken Eimeria species (excluding E. mitis) through multiplex PCR. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was performed to assess the risk factors associated with the infection using a multivariable logistic regression model. All samples tested positive for the presence of Eimeria spp., despite the farmers having implemented prophylactic measures, and no clinical coccidiosis cases were recorded. The parasitic load varied between 25 and 69,900 oocyst per gram. The species prevalence was as follows: Eimeria spp. 100%, E. maxima 80.4%, E. acervulina 70.6%, E. praecox 55.4%, E. tenella 53.6%, E. necatrix 52.2%, and E. brunetti 30.8%. The main species combination was E. cervuline, E. maxima, E. necatrix, and E. praecox (23.90%), followed by E. tenella, as a unique species (10.69%), and then E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. praecox (8.81%). It was observed that farms operated by independent producers had a higher amount of Eimeria spp. and higher probability of the presence of E. brunetti, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella. Poultry houses located below 1300 m above sea level were associated with a higher parasitic load and the presence of E. brunetti. Birds younger than 35 days of age and from open-sided poultry houses (with rudimentary environmental control) had a higher probability of presenting E. maxima. Drinking water from wells increased the risk of E. praecox presence. Research aimed at designing control strategies to improve health management on poultry farms in the region would help minimize the impact of coccidiosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, even in controlled-environment poultry houses in Brazil, with negative pressure ventilation, a prevalence of 87.5% for Eimeria spp. was reported [3,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Cevallos-Gordon,

Molina,

Radman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…The detection of seven species of Eimeria using molecular techniques has been reported in CPPS in Brazil, namely, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella (Meireles et al, 2004;Carvalho et al, 2011;Moraes et al, 2015;Balestrin et al, 2021). However, no studies to date have focused on the molecular identification of Eimeria species in APPS in Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Eimeria spp. in domestic chickens raised in alternative poultry production systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Soares Júnior,

Itoyama,

Beretta

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The objective of this study was to identify Eimeria spp. in alternative poultry production systems (APPS) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples (168) and DNA extracted from fecal samples obtained in APPS located in different Municipalities in the State of São Paulo (93) were examined by microscopy or genera-specific PCR (ITS-1 locus). Samples positive for Eimeria spp. were examined using Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie, and Eimeria zaria species-specific PCR protocols (ITS-2 locus) and another E. lata-specific PCR (candidate IMP1 genomic locus) followed by molecular cloning (E. lata and E. zaria ITS-2 amplicons) and genetic sequencing. All positive DNA samples were also submitted to genera-specific nested PCR (18S rRNA gene) followed by next-generation sequencing to identify Eimeria spp. Eimeria nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria sp. were identified by ITS2-targeted species-specific PCRs and genetic sequencing. Next-generation sequencing identified, in order of prevalence: E. nagambie; Eimeria acervulina; Eimeria mivati; Eimeria praecox; Eimeria brunetti; Eimeria mitis; Eimeria sp.; Eimeria maxima; E. zaria, and Eimeria necatrix/tenella. Our results confirmed, for the first time in Brazil, the identification of E. nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria spp. ITS-2 and 18S rRNA gene sequences not yet described in Brazil.

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Comprehensive molecular characterization of complete mitogenome assemblies of 33 Eimeria isolates infecting domestic chickens

et al. 2023

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Background Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria is one of the most severe chicken diseases and poses a great economic threat to the poultry industry. Understanding the evolutionary biology of chicken Eimeria parasites underpins development of new interactions toward the improved prevention and control of this poultry disease. Methods We presented an evolutionary blueprint of chicken coccidia by genetically characterizing complete mitogenome assemblies of 33 isolates representing all seven known Eimeria species infecting chickens in China. Further genome- and gene-level phylogenies were also achieved to better understand the evolutionary relationships of these chicken Eimeria at the species level. Results 33 mitogenomes of chicken eimerian parasites ranged from 6148 bp to 6480 bp in size and encoded typical mitochondrial compositions of apicomplexan parasites including three protein-coding genes (PCGs), seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12/13 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Comparative genomics provided an evolutionary scenario for the genetic diversity of PCGs-cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1 and 3 (cox1 and cox3) and cytochrome b (cytb); all were under purifying selection with cox1 and cox3 being the lowest and highest evolutionary rates, respectively. Genome-wide phylogenies classified the 33 Eimeria isolates into seven subgroups, and furthermore Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix were determined to be more closely related to each other than to the other eight congenic species. Single/concatenated mitochondrial protein gene-based phylogenies supported cox1 as the genetic marker for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies for avain coccidia. Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first population-level mitogenomic data on the genus Eimeria, and its comprehensive molecular characterization provides valuable resources for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in poultry. Graphical Abstract

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Prevalence of Eimeria sp. in Broiler Poultry Houses with Positive and Negative Pressure Ventilation Systems in Southern Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. in Broiler Chickens from Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Identification of Eimeria spp. in domestic chickens raised in alternative poultry production systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Comprehensive molecular characterization of complete mitogenome assemblies of 33 Eimeria isolates infecting domestic chickens

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