Prevalence of elevated blood leads and exposure to lead in construction trades in Iowa and Illinois

Reynolds, Stephen J.; Seem, Rohit; Fourtes, Laurence J.; Sprince, Nancy L.; Johnson, John L.; Walkner, Laurie; Clarke, William R.; Whitten, Paul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199908)36:2<307::aid-ajim10>3.3.co;2-m

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our findings confirm that over-exposure to lead continues to be a health hazard in many industry sectors in the US. Consistent with previous studies, we found that several industries appear to have a high risk of over-exposure to lead, including lead abatement and remediation [Tumpowsky et al, 2000], auto repair and body shops [Nelson and Kaufman, 1998;Whittaker, 2003], painters and lead paint removal contractors [Reynolds et al, 1999], bridge and highway construction [Levin et al, 1997], glass product manufacturing [Pierre et al, 2002], and gun firing ranges [Fischbein et al, 1979]. There were another 567 adults with blood leads >25 mg/dl who reported non-occupational exposure to lead of whom 57 (10%) would have met the medical removal provision if their exposure had occurred at work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003–2005

Tak

Roscoe

Alarcon

et al. 2008

American J Industrial Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003–2005

Tak

Roscoe

Alarcon

et al. 2008

American J Industrial Med

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“…If both values are excluded, AM and G M of air samples for blasting are 6256 m g/m 3 and 1422 m g/m 3 , respectively. The highest exposure observed in this investigation is similar to a previous report (Reynolds et al, 1999) of airborne lead concentrations as high as 29 000 m g/m 3 , and suggest that such periodic elevated exposure levels may not be uncommon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…LBP is applied to steel structures for preventing rust and corrosion. H istorically, little control or concern was associated with removal of LBP (Lange et al, 1998a;Reynolds et al, 1999;Rom, 1983;Spee and Zwennis, 1987;U SD H H S, 1997). Elevated exposure and blood lead levels (BLL) commonly occur in workers performing these activities (Booher, 1988;Conroy et al, 1996;H unt et al, 1998;Langrigan et al, 1982;Rom, 1983;Spee and Zwennis, 1987;Waller et al, 1994;Zedd et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M ost preventative measures did not involve exposure reduction, but rather intervention to lower BLL, below which resulted in observed symptoms (Rom, 1983). Today, a greater concern exists for exposure to lead (G idikova, 1998;Reynolds et al, 1999) and it is reported that this metal can effect organ systems at low levels (K aufman et al, 1994;Levin et al, 1997;N agyma et al, 1998;U SD H H S, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne exposure and soil levels associated with lead abatement of a steel tank

Lange¹

2002

Toxicol Ind Health

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This study reports on airborne exposure levels and soil concentrations of lead in regard to abatement of a steel structure (water tank). The tank was de-leaded by abrasive sand blasting. The ball of the tank had a lead surface level that exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definition of lead-based paint (LBP) (0.5% lead), but paint on stem and base was below this criterion. Personal and area airborne samples were collected during different activities of lead abatement of the tank. Summary results suggest during abrasive blasting of ball and stem/base personal exposure levels, as reported with arithmetic and geometric means, exceed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (50 microg/m3). Highest personal exposure (occupational exposure) was associated with blasting of ball. Distribution of airborne and soil samples suggest non-normality and is best represented by a logarithmic form. Geometric standard deviations for air and soil lead support a non-normal distribution. Outlying values were found for personal and area air samples. Exposure levels associated with blasting stem/base section of tank support OSHA's policy requiring air monitoring of work at levels below the criterion established by EPA in identifying LBP. Area samples were statistically lower than personal samples associated with blasting ball and stem/base of tank. Exposure data suggest that workers performing abatement on steel structures have elevated lead exposure from surface lead. Respirator protection requirements are discussed. Soil lead concentration was suggested to decrease as distance increased from tank. Soil lead is suggested to be a result of deposition from LBP on tank surface. Minimal efforts were required to reduce average lead soil levels below EPA's upper acceptable criterion (1200 ppm Pb).

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“…Workers involved in bridge repair have been among the commonly seen occupational groups with severely elevated blood lead levels. [O'Donnell, 1997;Reynolds et al, 1999]. This is problematic because chronic overexposure can result in severe damage to blood-forming, nervous, urinary and reproductive systems, and accumulation in bone tissue resulting in lead releases back into the bloodstream for many years [ATSDR, 1993;Barry, 1975;O'Flaherty, 1986;Hodgkins et al, 1991].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of lead poisoning in construction workers: A new public health approach

et al. 2001

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Background In 1990, Yale University, the Connecticut Departments of Health Services and of Transportation, the Connecticut Construction Industries Association, and the state's construction trade unions created the Connecticut Road Industry Surveillance Project (CRISP). Methods Data from 90 bridge projects from 1991 to 1995 and approximately 2,000 workers were evaluated. The distribution of peak lead concentrations in the blood for CRISP workers classified into five groups were compared to that from workers outside of Connecticut. Results This demonstration project was instrumental in lowering bridge worker blood lead levels. After 1992, only the painting contract employees experienced peak blood lead levels with ≤2% exceeding 50 μg/dl. Compared to similar workers in other states, Connecticut workers had significantly lower peak blood lead levels. Conclusions Two thousand workers and over 120 contractors benefited directly from CRISP. Two key features of the CRISP model differed from the 1993 OSHA standard: a contract‐specified lead health protection program and a centralized system of medical monitoring. These differences may account for the improved protection observed between the CRISP and non‐Connecticut cohorts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:243–253, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Prevalence of elevated blood leads and exposure to lead in construction trades in Iowa and Illinois

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003–2005

Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003–2005

Airborne exposure and soil levels associated with lead abatement of a steel tank

Prevention of lead poisoning in construction workers: A new public health approach

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