Prevalence of elimination disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents

Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Hojjat, Seyed Kaveh; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Alavi, Seyed Salman; Hooshyari, Zahra; Khaleghi, Ali; Ahmadi, Ameneh; Hesari, Mahsa Jafarzadeh; Shakiba, Alia; Amiri, Shahrokh; Molavi, Parviz; Arman, Soroor; Mohammadzadeh, Soleiman; Kousha, Maryam; Golbon, Atieh; Hosseini, Seyed Hamzeh; Delpisheh, Ali; Mojahed, Azizollah; ArmaniKian, Alireza; Sarraf, Nasrin; Safavi, Parvin; Moharari, Fatemeh; Dastjerdi, Reza; Talepasand, Siavash; Jaberghaderi, Nasrin; Ostovar, Rahim; Salmanian, Maryam; Zarafshan, Hadi; Nazari, Ali Mohammad; Haghbin, Ali; Khalili, Mina Norozi

doi:10.3233/prm-190628

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this study, the total magnitude of elimination disorders was 16.8%, which is consistent with a similar study conducted in Germany (14.8%), Australia (18.2%), Egypt (15.7%), and Kenya (14.5%) (23,30,39,41). However, the magnitude of elimination disorder in this study is higher than the studies conducted in Iran (5.4%), the United States (4.45%), and Hong Kong (3.1%) (27)(28)(29). The possible reason for the difference between the Iran study and the current study is that the former was done in the community among children age 6-18 years and used the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL DSM-IV) to discriminate elimination disorders, whereas the present study is hospital-based among children and adolescents aged 5-14 years and used the DSSDES tool and DSM-5 to identify elimination disorders.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Elimination Disorders and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents Age 5–14 Year-old attending Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized hospital, South Ethiopia

Berhanu,

Abera,

Girma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Elimination disorder occurs when a child aged five and above passes urine or, aged four and above, defecates feces in inappropriate locations, whether voluntary or involuntary. Pediatric elimination disorders are not well understood by parents, teachers, medical professionals, mental health practitioners, and researchers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of elimination disorder and associated factors among children and Adolescents aged 5–14 years old at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia, in 2022. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 22 to November 22, 2022, at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 423 study subjects. The data were gathered using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. The development of the symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome of Vancouver questionnaires was used to screen for elimination disorders. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the outcome and independent variables. A 95% CI and Odds ratio with corresponding p-value < 0.05 were used to determine the strength of association. Result: The overall magnitude of elimination disorder among children and Adolescents age 5–14 in this study was (n 70, 16.8%); in boys (n 47, 17.3%) and girls (n 23, 15.75%). The prevalence of enuresis was (n 64, 15.3%), encopresis (n 15, 3.6%), both enuresis and encopresis, or combined elimination disorder (n 9, 2.2%). Age 9–11 years (AOR=3.2, 95%CI:1.09, 9.43), family size (AOR=3.4, 95%CI:1.78, 6.56), family history of elimination disorder (AOR=3.9, 95%CI:2.12, 7.45), emotional problem (AOR=2.2, 95%CI:1.18, 4.05), hyperactive problem (AOR=3.8, 95%CI:1.83, 7.83), low toilet training skills (AOR=5.9, 95%CI:2.61, 13.33), bad parenting practices, were poor supervision (AOR=4.4, 95%CI:1.29, 14.69) were significantly associated with elimination disorder. Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, approximately one in five children and adolescents had an elimination disorder. Younger age, large family size, positive family history of elimination disorder, presence of emotional and hyperactive problems, bad parenting practices, and low toilet training skills were factors associated with elimination disorders. Therefore, a holistic approach to early detection and management is important to reverse the impact of the problem.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Elimination Disorders and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents Age 5–14 Year-old attending Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized hospital, South Ethiopia

Berhanu,

Abera,

Girma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Specifically, seven studies within the dataset investigated ADHD prevalence across a wider age spectrum, ranging from 5 to 18 years. Interestingly, the reported prevalence for these studies was extremely high, ranging between 32% and 40% 35 45 57 58 60 62 71 82. Furthermore, we observed that studies using different versions of the DSM show varying prevalence rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Finally, 63 articles involving 849 902 participants were included in the meta-analysis (as shown in PRISMA, figure 1). 35–97 The studies and participant characteristics are reported in online supplemental table S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This meta-analysis pooled 63 original articles, including a total of 849 902 participants (88.89% children and adolescents (age range 3–18 years) and 11.11% adults (age range 17–70) years) 35–97. Two studies were published before 2000 period, whereas 20.63% of studies (13 studies) were published between 2000 and 2010, and 76.20% of studies (48 studies) were published after 2010.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Al-Wardat,

Etoom,

Almhdawi

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo systematically estimate the overall prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement.Data sourcesMedline and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched between 1990 and February 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included all cross-sectional or cohort studies that diagnosed ADHD using validated diagnostic tools (eg, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, ADHD rating scales and ADHD diagnostic interview) or non-validated tools (eg, brain imaging techniques, computerised cognitive tests and quantitative electroencephalography).Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers performed the data extraction independently using standardised data collection sheet. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Individualised and pooled event rate and upper and lower limit at 95% CI were calculated according to the ADHD cases and the total sample size using a random-effect model. The subgroup prevalence analyses according to ADHD subtypes, gender, MENA country and age were also performed.ResultsA total of 63 articles met the inclusion criteria involving 849 902 participants. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 10.3% (95% CI 0.081 to 0.129). The prevalence rate ranged from 1.3% (Yemen) to 22.2% (Iran). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence in adults was 13.5 and 10.1 in children and adolescents. Males exhibited significantly higher prevalence compared with females as these were 11.1% and 7%, respectively. Attention-deficit subtype was significantly the most prevalent (46.7%) compared with hyperactivity/impulsivity (33.7%) and combined types (20.6%).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of ADHD was high in the MENA region. It is crucial to allocate more attention and resources towards the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults within the region.

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Epidemiological and Psychosocial Correlates of Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Deficits among Children and Adolescents in Oman: A Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Prevalence of elimination disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Elimination Disorders and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents Age 5–14 Year-old attending Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized hospital, South Ethiopia

Elimination Disorders and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents Age 5–14 Year-old attending Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized hospital, South Ethiopia

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epidemiological and Psychosocial Correlates of Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Deficits among Children and Adolescents in Oman: A Literature Review

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