Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a constellation of painful disorders, which could cause chronic disability. Multiple risk factors, both occupational and non occupational, may be involved. MSDs have been extensively studied in several countries; however, few studies have been carried out based on the relationship between MSDs and ethnicity. Objective: To describe the relationship between MSDs and ethnicity in diferent parts of the world.Methods: A nonsystematic literature review of studies, with both quantitative and qualitative methodology, was conducted.Results: The evidence in research, qualitative and quantitative, emphasizes the importance of this problem in vulnerable populations in diferent parts of the world, prioritizing migration to developed countries and precarity condition of work.Conclusion: Recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach of MSDs in vulnerable groups were raised.