Prevalence of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Strains of Neuropathogenic Genotype in a Major Breeding Area of Japan

Abstract

ABSTRACT. A single non-synonymous nucleotide substitution of guanine (G) for adenine (A) at position 2254 in the viral DNA polymerase gene (encoded by open reading frame [ORF] 30) of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has been significantly associated with neuropathogenic potential in strains of this virus. To estimate the prevalence of EHV-1 strains with the neuropathogenic genotype (ORF30 G 2254 ) in the Hidaka district-a major horse breeding area in Japan-we analyzed the ORF30 genomic region in cases of EHV-1 infection in this area during the years 2001-2010. Of the 113 cases analyzed, 3 (2.7%) were induced by ORF30 G 2254 strains. This prevalence is lower than those observed in the U.S

Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks

“…The apparent association of G2254/D752 strains, rather than A2254/N752 strains, with neuropathogenic disease has been a particular focus of studies of EHV‐1 pathogenesis in recent years (Fritsche & Borchers, 2011; Pronost et al., 2010; Stasiak, Rola, Ploszay, Socha, & Zmudzinski, 2015; Tsujimura et al., 2011). Sometimes overlooked is the finding in the field that the association of abortion with the EHV‐1 A2254/N752 strain variant was more statistically significant (Nugent et al., 2006).…”

Emergence of equine herpes virus 1 myeloencephalopathy: A brief review

“…The prevalence of neuropathogenic strains in abortion outbreaks varies between 1.5% and 25.8%. The percentage prevalence was highest (25.8%) in France (Pronost et al, 2010) followed by 19.4% in U.S.A (Smith et al, 2010), 10.6% in Germany (Fritsche & Borchers, 2011), 7% in Argentina (Vissani et al, 2009), 3.1% in Poland (Stasiak et al, 2015), 2.7% in Japan (Tsujimura et al, 2011) and 1.5% in Australia (Cuxson et al, 2014).…”

“…Europian countries viz., France (Pronost et al, 2010;van Galen et al, 2015), Germany (Fritsche & Borchers, 2011;Damiani et al, 2014), Belgium (van der Meulen et al, 2003;Gryspeerdt et al, 2011), Poland (Stasiak et al, 2015), Netherlands (Goehring et al, 2006) and Croatia (Barbic et al, 2012); North American countries viz., Canada (Burgess et al, 2012) and U.S.A (Nugent et al, 2006;Henninger et al, 2007;Perkins et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2010;Pusterla et al, 2012); South American countries viz., Brazil (Mori et al, 2011) and Argentina (Vissani et al, 2009); Asian countries viz., Turkey (Yilmaz et al, 2012); Japan (Tsujimura et al, 2011) and India (Unpublished data); Islands viz ., Australia (Cuxson et al, 2014) and Newzealand (McFadden et al, 2016); African countries viz., Ethiopia (Negussie et al, 2015) experienced…”

“…At the same time, there has been rise in incidence of EHM in many parts of world viz., Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania (Perkins et al, 2009;Vissani et al, 2009;Pronost et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2010;Fritsche & Borchers 2011;Tsujimura et al, 2011, Cuxson et al, 2014Negussie et al, 2015;McFadden et al, 2016). The neuropathogenic strains of EHV1 (causing EHM) have also been reported from Asian countries such as Japan (Tsujimura et al, 2011) and India (Unpublished data). This article discusses the aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology of EHM and gives an overview of prevention, control and treatment of EHM.…”

First Report on the Frequency and Molecular Detection of Neuropathogenic EHV-1 in Turkey

“…Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) has a significant economic impact on the horse industry, as it causes respiratory disease in young horses, abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal dead in foals, and neurological disease (equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy [EHM]) in adult horses [1][2][3][4]. EHM is the consequence of the infection in horses with a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1; however, not all neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 cause EHM, but they may induce abortions [5,6].…”