Prevalence of, Evolution of, and Risk Factors for Fat Atrophy and Fat Deposition in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Men and Women

Abstract

FA and FD are common in HIV-infected patients, but may change over time in the individual. FA and FD appear to be different syndromes, because risk factors for the development differ, and the prevalence of the combined syndrome differs from the prevalences of the 2 independent syndromes.

Prevalence of and Clinical Factors Associated with Lipoatrophy in HIV-Infected Koreans Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

“…This study revealed that the prevalence of lipoatrophy in HIV-infected Koreans receiving HAART is not uncommon and was within the range of that reported in other studies (Lichtenstein et al 2001;Paton et al 2002;Bacchetti et al 2005;Jacobson et al 2005;Pujari et al 2005;Waters and Nelson 2007). The previous studies performed in single institute of Asia including South Korea, Singapore, India and Thailand reported the percentage of HIV-infected patients with peripheral fat loss as very wide range from 3.5% to 62.5% (Chang et al 2002;Paton et al 2002;Pujari et al 2005;Chuapai et al 2007).…”

“…Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy are thought to occur independently from each other and to have different risk factors (Jacobson et al 2005;Wohl et al 2006;Waters and Nelson 2007;Brown 2008;Wierzbicki et al 2008). Because two phenomena are distinct processes, it should be considered separately rather than collectively as a single syndrome of lipodystrophy (Brown 2008).…”

“…However, many studies reported the prevalence and risk factors of lipodystrophy in general, not lipoatrophy specifically (Waters and Nelson 2007). Previous cross-sectional studies, which were performed in continents outside Asia, revealed that the prevalence of lipoatrophy ranged between 13 and 38% (Lichtenstein et al 2001;Bacchetti et al 2005;Jacobson et al 2005;Waters and Nelson 2007). In 2002, Chang et al reported that lipodystrophy was observed in only 2 (3.5%) of 57 HIV-infected Koreans receiving HAART and metabolic complications of HAART were rare (Chang et al 2002).…”

Exercise Training Reduces Central Adiposity and Improves Metabolic Indices in HAART-Treated HIV-Positive Subjects in Rwanda: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…36 The cause and existence of this HIV-and HAART-associated central adiposity are under debate. 37 Our findings suggest that waist girth increased over 6 months in HIV-infected African subjects treated with HAART, and that it is preventable with 6 months of aerobic exercise training. Further, the current study supports other studies that found a relationship between reductions in waist circumference and WHR and increases in lean body mass and reductions in body fat mass in subjects who participated in CET.…”

Viral mechanisms of adipose dysfunction: lessons from HIV-1 Vpr

“…Female mice, on the other hand, appear to manifest expansion of most WAT depots compared to wild-type littermates. This is intriguing because in many cross-sectional analyses of HIV patient cohorts, lipohypertrophy is more prevalent in women than in men [45][46][47][48][49][50][51] (although the longitudinal FRAM Study suggested that progressive peripheral fat loss also occurs in HIV-infected women, and that increased visceral fat accumulation may be restricted to women without peripheral lipoatrophy 52 ). These preliminary findings raise the possibility that the estrogen receptor may be yet another transcription factor prone to dysregulation by Vpr.…”