Prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Buffaloes in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to emergence and spread of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are point of discussion in both human as well as in animals across the world as it is one of the latest challenges faced by scientific community. The present study highlighted the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh. Methods: Total 240 samples were collected from two district of eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh during January 2020 to March 2021. E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were confirmed by cultural characteristics in selective media and biochemical tests. ESBL producing isolates were confirmed by DDST, ESBL E-strip and PCR analysis using specific primer for (bla-CTX-M-1, bla-CTX-M-2, bla-CTX-M-9, bla-TEM and bla-SHV). Antibiogram of all confirmed ESBL producing isolates was performed against 20 antimicrobials under 12 different classes. Result: In the present study, a total of 147 (61.25%) E. coli and 19 (7.91%) Klebsiella spp. were isolated and identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 104 (62.65%) and 99 (59.63%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using DDST and ESBL E-strip tests respectively. PCR analysis, revealed the presence of selected ESBL genes in 92 (55.42%) isolates, among them bla-CTX-M-1 was found most dominant gene (69.41%) in E. coli and (71.42%) in Klebsiella spp. All the ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were found to be 99-100% and 86-100% sensitive to chloramphenicol, polypeptides and aminoglycosides classes respectively. Both isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. showed 100% resistance to cefotaxime, cefpodoxime ceftriazone and ampicillin, 76.47% and 71.42% to ceftazidime respectively and 81.52% isolates were found to be MDR.

Multidrug Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profiling of ESBL and Carbapenemase Producing E. coli Isolates of Bovine Origin in Awadh Region of Uttar Pradesh

“…Confirmation of these isolates was done by PCR analysis, which revealed total 186 (77.5%) E. coli isolates (Table 2, Fig 1). The findings were in concordance with the findings of Yadav et al (2022a), Kotsoana et al (2019) and Gupta et al (2019). High isolation rate of E. coli in faecal samples may be attributed to high prevalence of E. coli in GIT of ruminants as compared to other members of family Enterobacteriaceae.…”

Occurrence and characterization of multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from bovine mastitis of Haryana

“…Seventeen isolates (32.08%) were given MIC reading at 0.094, while 13 isolates (24.53%) showed ellipse of inhibition at 0.064. There are few reports in India about the prevalence of ESBL E. coli in mastitis milk from bovines (Bandyopadhyay et al 2015, Paghdar et al 2020, Yadav et al 2023. The results of current study were comparable with other reports of ESBL producers from India.…”

“…Manoj and Singh (2020) reported maximum sensitivity to chloramphenicol (71.62%) for Gram negative isolates obtained from mastitis cases of Southern Haryana. Yadav et al (2023) reported E. coli isolates showed 100% sensitivity to gentamicin in their study. The lowest resistance to this antibiotic seems to be associated with the restricted usage along with the reduced preference of gentamicin in the treatment of mastitis (Yadav et al 2023).…”

“…The results of current study were comparable with other reports of ESBL producers from India. A prevalence rate of 6.78% was reported for ESBL E. coli from buffalo mastitis in Hisar (Yadav et al 2023). An overall prevalence of 9% was reported in animal origin samples for ESBLs from India (Kuralayanapalya et al 2019).…”

“…All the presumptive E. coli isolates were positive for indole, methyl red, catalase and nitrate reduction tests, while they were negative for Voges-Proskauer, oxidase test and citrate utilization. The increased incidence of coliform mastitis could be attributed to unhygienic environment as well as improper milking practices which elevate the risk of environmental mastitis (Shaheen et al 2015, Yadav et al 2023. The environmental factors like hygiene level of animal, udder and milking machine, milking practices, milker's hygiene and housing system plays crucial role in the occurrence of environmental mastitis.…”