Prevalence of foot disorders according to chronic kidney disease stage

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health disease that affects 15.1% of the adult population. Although a high prevalence (94.1%) of skin disorders has been detected in people on haemodialysis or with advanced CKD, few studies have analysed foot disorders at initial CKD stages. Objectives To analyse the prevalence of foot disorders according to CKD stage. Participants A total of 209 people with a mean age of 73.2 ± 13.8 years (52.0% women) in the nephrology department of Virgen del Puerto Hospital, Plasencia (Spain) were examined from January 2018 to April 2019. Measurements CKD stages were determined by nephrologists according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Guideline. An expert podiatrist identified foot disorders. Data were statistically treated with the IBM SPSS Statistics. Comparisons between variables were analysed by the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of less than 5%. Results The prevalence of foot disorders was high for skin disorders (97.6% dermatopathies and 66.0% keratopathies), nail disorders (98.5% onychopathies) and toe deformities (97.1%). People at initial and intermediate stages presented more keratopathies (hyperkeratosis at G1 and G3a and pinch callus at G3a). Stage G1 showed fewer changes in nail colour and half and half nails. Stage G4 showed more claw toes and hematoma and stage G5 more Beau's lines, changes in skin colour, hematomas and thin shiny skin. Conclusions The high prevalence of foot disorders detected in people with CKD requires specific and personalised professional care to relieve symptoms and avoid complications, helping to improve the quality of life of people with this condition.