Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Huang, Shuping; Li, Xiang; Guo, Linlin; You, Dan; Xie, Wenhui; Xu, Haitao; Liú, Dan; Wang, Yulong; Zeng, Xianying; Hou, Zhuoni; Liu, Enqi; Ma, Liying; Yang, Siyuan; Chai, Hongliang; Wang, Yajun

doi:10.1111/tbed.14475

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Combined with our previous study ( Huang et al, 2022 ), FHV-1, FCV, FIV, and FPV have certain prevalence rates in the Siberian Tiger Park of northeastern China, and interspecies and cross-species transmission may happen. This study not only provides new data on the prevalence of FPV among tigers and lions but also contributes to improving the management of captive felines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The tigers in this study are captive, and such a large sample size may be the main reason for this result. Furthermore, there are no coinfection among FPV and the other four viruses (i.e., FHV-1, FCV, FIV, and FeLV) ( Huang et al, 2022 ). Real-time PCR detection of FPV in the two dead deceased lions was also positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 285 blood samples of captive Siberian tigers were randomly collected from the Siberian Tiger Parks in three cities: Harbin ( n = 190, 200–300 tiger/km 2 ), Hailin ( n = 55, 1,300–1,400 tiger/km 2 ), and Shenyang ( n = 40, 600–700 tiger/km 2 ) in northeastern China (41–46°N, 122–130°E), from January 2019 to March 2021. The samples used in this study are the same as our previous studies, but after the detection of four viruses [i.e., feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV)] and persistent organic pollutants, some samples have been run out, so the sample size in this study is 285, smaller than the sample size of 324 last time ( Liu et al, 2021a , b ; Huang et al, 2022 ). All tigers fasted for 1 day before the blood sample collection, and the tigers were anesthetized with a dart containing 10 mg/kg of ketamine (Jiangsu Zhongmu Beikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Huang

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The fact that wild felines are carriers of pernicious infectious viruses should be a major concern due to the potential cross-species transmission between the felines and human or domestic animals. However, studies on the virus in the captive wild felines, especially in tigers, are thin on the ground. In this study, we screened four infectious viruses, namely, feline parvovirus (FPV), feline coronavirus (FCoV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and influenza A virus (IAV), in the blood samples of 285 captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) and in the spleen samples of two deceased lions (Panthera leo), which were collected from 2019 to 2021 in three Siberian Tiger Parks from the northeast of China. Nucleic acids isolated from the blood samples collected from tigers and the spleen samples collected from two deceased lions were positive for FPV by PCR, and the positive rate was 4.6% (13/285) in tigers. Furthermore, the VP2 gene of FPV was amplified by nested PCR, and the sequences of the VP2 gene from these six FPV positive strains shared 98.3–99.9% homology with the reference. The key amino acid sites of VP2 protein were consistent with that of FPV reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP2 gene showed that in this study, FPV-positive strains were grouped within the FPV clade and closely related to the Asian strains clade. The results of this study showed that FPV circulated in the captive Siberian tigers and lions in northeastern China and provided valuable information for the study of FPV epidemiology in wild felines. Therefore, we suggest that regular antibody monitoring and booster immunization for tigers should be performed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Huang

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Novel Alpha‐, Beta‐, and Gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical Carnivores of Brazil

Ewbank,

Catão-Dias,

Navas-Suarez

et al. 2024

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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The knowledge regarding infectious agents affecting wildlife is crucial for species’ conservation. We hypothesized that herpesviruses are present in wild Neotropical carnivores. Herein, we used DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B broad‐spectrum PCRs to molecularly survey the presence of herpesviruses in spleen and/or lung samples of 53 wild Neotropical carnivores of Brazil, comprising the families Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, and Procyonidae. The percentage of PCR‐positives was 28.3% (15/53). An alphaherpesvirus was found in a Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis, 1/1), a betaherpesvirus in a lesser grison (Galictis cuja, 1/3), and different gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical river otter (1/1), lesser grison (1/3), crab‐eating raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus, 8/9), South American coati (Nasua nasua, 1/2), southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus, 1/2), jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi, 1/5), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis, 1/10). None of the tested canids were herpesvirus‐positive. This is the first report of herpesvirus in procyonids, and in jaguarundi, southern tiger cat, lesser grison, and Neotropical river otter. This study broadens the host range of herpesviruses in Neotropical carnivores.

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Screening and Immune Efficacy Evaluation of Antigens with Protection Against Feline Calicivirus

Yang,

Qi,

Chen

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV), a pathogen that causes upper respiratory tract diseases in felids, primarily leads to oral ulcers and various respiratory symptoms, which can be fatal in severe cases. Currently, FCV prevention and control rely primarily on vaccination; however, the existing vaccine types in China are mainly inactivated vaccines, leading to a single prevention and control method with suboptimal outcomes. Methods and Results: This study commences with a genetic evolution analysis of Chinese FCV isolates, confirming the presence of two major genotypes, GI and GII with GI emerging as the dominant form. We subsequently selected the broadly neutralizing vaccine candidate strain DL39 as the template for the truncation and expression of multiple recombinant proteins. Through serological assays, we successfully confirmed the optimal protective antigen region, which is designated CE39 (CDE). Further investigation revealed the location of the optimal protective antigen region within the CE region for both the GI and GII genotype strains. Capitalizing on this discovery, a bivalent recombinant protein, designated CE39-CEFB, was generated. Cat antisera generated against CE39 and CE39-CEFB proteins were used in cross-neutralization against various strains of different genotypes, yielding high neutralization titers ranging from 1:45 to 1:15 and from 1:48 to 1:29, respectively, which surpassed those induced by antisera from cats vaccinated with Mi-aosanduo (commercial vaccine, strain 255). Ultimately, in vivo challenge experiments were per-formed after immunizing cats with the CE39 and CE39-CEFB proteins, utilizing Miaosanduo as a control for comparison. The results demonstrated that immunization with both proteins effectively made cats less susceptible to FCV GI, GII, and VSD strains infection, resulting in superior immune efficacy compared with that in the Miaosanduo group. Conclusion: These results indicate that this study successfully identified the antigen CE39, which has broad-spectrum antigenicity, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. These findings pre-liminarily demonstrate that the optimal protective antigen region of FCV strains is the CE region, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of novel broad-spectrum vaccines against FCV disease.

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Prevalence of four viruses in captive Siberian tigers from Northeastern China

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Captive Siberian Tigers and Lions in Northeastern China From 2019 to 2021

Novel Alpha‐, Beta‐, and Gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical Carnivores of Brazil

Screening and Immune Efficacy Evaluation of Antigens with Protection Against Feline Calicivirus

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