Prevalence of frailty syndrome and its predictors in the population of people with intellectual disability compared to the general population: a systematic review

Abstract

The aim of the systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of the frailty syndrome (FS) and to identify its predictors in people with intellectual (ID) and developmental (DD) disabilities. It was assumed that in people with ID in adulthood period and early elderly period (20-60 years old) the ageing process (lower mobility in joints, frequent falls, the incidence of the coexist diseases and disability) occurs earlier and more frequent than in general population. The methodology of this systematic review was planned according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, MEDLINE) was conducted to identify all studies on the incidence of the FS in people with intellectual disabilities from 2010 to 2022 based on the physical and functional status. In contrary to the general population, the assessment of the prevalence of FS among people with ID and DD was performed mostly with multivariant model. Age, gender, coexist diseases, mobility impairment in everyday life activities and Down syndrome were identified as the most frequent predictors of FS among the studied populations. In conclusion, the prevalence of FS among people with ID was diverse (9-27%) and included the following variables: coexisting diseases, coupled disability, intelligence quotient, everyday life activities, dwelling place. Moreover FS was found to occur significantly earlier (from 10 to 25 years) than in general population. Future studies should include the assessment of FS based on both phenotype and multivariant models.