Prevalence of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang, Weishan; Gao, Chao; Tan, Yuyan; Chen, Shengdi

doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10685-5

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It can lead to falls, injury, loss of independence, and decreased quality of life [ 2 , 3 ]. Fifty percent of people with Parkinson’s disease experience FOG, and prevalence increases to 80% with disease progression [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing inertial measurement unit locations for freezing of gait detection and patient preference

O’Day

Lee

Seagers

et al. 2022

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Freezing of gait, a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease, presents as sporadic episodes in which an individual’s feet suddenly feel stuck to the ground. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) promise to enable at-home monitoring and personalization of therapy, but there is a lack of consensus on the number and location of IMUs for detecting freezing of gait. The purpose of this study was to assess IMU sets in the context of both freezing of gait detection performance and patient preference. Methods Sixteen people with Parkinson’s disease were surveyed about sensor preferences. Raw IMU data from seven people with Parkinson’s disease, wearing up to eleven sensors, were used to train convolutional neural networks to detect freezing of gait. Models trained with data from different sensor sets were assessed for technical performance; a best technical set and minimal IMU set were identified. Clinical utility was assessed by comparing model- and human-rater-determined percent time freezing and number of freezing events. Results The best technical set consisted of three IMUs (lumbar and both ankles, AUROC = 0.83), all of which were rated highly wearable. The minimal IMU set consisted of a single ankle IMU (AUROC = 0.80). Correlations between these models and human raters were good to excellent for percent time freezing (ICC = 0.93, 0.89) and number of freezing events (ICC = 0.95, 0.86) for the best technical set and minimal IMU set, respectively. Conclusions Several IMU sets consisting of three IMUs or fewer were highly rated for both technical performance and wearability, and more IMUs did not necessarily perform better in FOG detection. We openly share our data and software to further the development and adoption of a general, open-source model that uses raw signals and a standard sensor set for at-home monitoring of freezing of gait.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing inertial measurement unit locations for freezing of gait detection and patient preference

O’Day

Lee

Seagers

et al. 2022

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom that affects more than half of all advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients ( Giladi et al, 2001b ; Forsaa et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). It profoundly reduces quality of life ( Perez-Lloret et al, 2014 ; Walton et al, 2015b ), leading to falls ( Okuma et al, 2018 ; Lieberman et al, 2019 ) and a loss of independence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Cui

Lewis

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and challenging clinical symptom in Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we summarise the recent insights into freezing of gait and highlight the strategies that should be considered to improve future treatment. There is a need to develop individualised and on-demand therapies, through improved detection and wearable technologies. Whilst there already exist a number of pharmacological (e.g., dopaminergic and beyond dopamine), non-pharmacological (physiotherapy and cueing, cognitive training, and non-invasive brain stimulation) and surgical approaches to freezing (i.e., dual-site deep brain stimulation, closed-loop programming), an integrated collaborative approach to future research in this complex area will be necessary to systematically investigate new therapeutic avenues. A review of the literature suggests standardising how gait freezing is measured, enriching patient cohorts for preventative studies, and harnessing the power of existing data, could help lead to more effective treatments for freezing of gait and offer relief to many patients.

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“…Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling gait disturbance, which is defined as a brief, episodic restriction or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk [1]. In the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), about 39.7% of patients report experiencing FOG and this percentage reaches up to 64.6% in the advanced stages according to a recent systematic review [2]. FOG contributes to falls and related injuries, severely impacting the patients' quality of life [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain network topology and future development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study

Lei

Peng

et al. 2021

J Neurol

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Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common disabling gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objectives of this study were to explore alterations in the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks in patients with PD who will develop FOG. Methods We recruited 20 patients with PD who developed FOG (PD-FOGt) during a 5-year follow-up period, 20 patients with PD who did not developed FOG (PD-FOGn) within the follow-up period, and 20 healthy control subjects. Using graph theory approaches, we performed a comparative analysis of the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks among the groups, and further explored their potential relationships with latency to develop FOG. Results At baseline, the global topological properties of functional brain networks in PD-FOGt and PD-FOGn showed no abnormalities. Additionally, regarding regional topological properties, compared with PD-FOGn patients, PD-FOGt patients exhibited decreased nodal centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Although there were no significant differences compared with PD-FOGn patients, the PD-FOGt group exhibited the lowest nodal centrality values in the frontal cortex (left gyrus rectus), and visual cortex (bilateral inferior occipital gyrus and left fusiform gyrus), and the highest nodal centrality values in the cerebellum (vermis_6) among the three groups. However, no relationship was found between the nodal centrality in above brain regions and latency to develop FOG. Conclusion This study demonstrates the disrupted regional topological organization might contribute to the future development of FOG in PD patients, especially associated with damage to the left MFG.

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Prevalence of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 51 publications

References 105 publications

Assessing inertial measurement unit locations for freezing of gait detection and patient preference

Assessing inertial measurement unit locations for freezing of gait detection and patient preference

Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Brain network topology and future development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study

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