“…1), with some studies showing higher frequency in GDM [9, 21, 22, 30, 39], and other no differences [19, 33–35, 43, 44]. Also GADA titres have been reported higher in GDM women in some studies [9, 21, 22, 30, 31], with others showing no difference [33–37]. As for the frequency of IA-2A positivity, this ranges from 0 to 6.2% (Fig.…”