Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Electronic Cigarette-Smoking University Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract diseases. Although there is a strong association between smoking and GERD, it is poorly understood until now. Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are widely used nowadays. So, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of GERD among all Jeddah university students and its relation to E-cigarette smoking. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among university students of all specialties in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using an online questionnaire to collect data distributed in a Google Form (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) from August to November 2022. ResultsThis study included 397 students, 36.5% of whom were from 18 to 20 years old, and the majority were females (69.3%). Of the participants, 43.8% were non-smokers, 13.1% were ex-smokers, and 43.1% currently smoked; of the last, 13.6% smoked tobacco cigarettes, 17.6% smoked hookah, and 35% were current Ecigarette smokers. The study found that among the participants, 19.9% had GERD based on the GerdQ, with females having a significantly higher percentage of GERD. A weak association was found between the prevalence of GERD and smoking cigarettes (p=0.49), hookah (p=0.988 ), and E-cigarettes (p=0.788 ) but this could be attributed to the high BMI. ConclusionE-cigarette smoking is more prevalent among university students in Jeddah than traditional cigarettes or hookah. However, there was no statistically significant link between E-cigarette smoking and GERD. High BMI could be a superadded factor.

Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms Post Sleeve Gastrectomy in Al-Qassim Region

“…Some prior researchers have found a higher prevalence of these symptoms among female patients and smokers, which contradicts our finding [26]. Other studies, however, have found no significant association between gender or smoking status and the severity of these symptoms [27,28].…”